place
Paradise
A named garden or blissful enclosure. Eden, pairidaeza parks, and later heaven-talk should stay distinct.
Islam
Paradise appears in Islam.
The Qur’an names the Garden (jannah) among the promised seats of the righteous. A named paradise garden in that scripture, not Eden as the Adn gardens alone and not a generic heaven dump.
from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE
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Paradise is historically related to Marble.
In al's The Jewish Encyclopedia, Paradise sits with Marble in stone and building speech — named together on the working page.
from Isidore Singer et al. · The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901–1906
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Paradise is associated with Hell.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, after this life there are only two places named — one for the saved and one for the damned — paradise/hell speech refuses a middle third.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
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Paradise is associated with Eden.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the springs of the four rivers cannot now fix the exact situation of paradise, though they arise from the same mountainous region — paradise is that Eden-site search.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
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Paradise is associated with Purgatory.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, after this life there are only two places called paradise and hell, absolutely denying purgatory — paradise is kept apart from that purgatory invention.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
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Tree of life is associated with Paradise.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, the Cross-tree is said to have sprung from the tree of life in the garden of paradise, a piece planted on Adam’s grave — tree-of-life is that paradise stock of the legend.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
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Cross is historically related to Paradise.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems, a Lateran mosaic shows the cross on a mountain from which the four rivers of paradise flow while a dove pours rays upon it and sheep drink below.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
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Vedic tradition
Kailasa is historically related to Paradise.
Dowson seats Kailasa as Gana-parvata where Siva’s attendants dwell and as the mountain paradise of Kuvera with Kinnaras — Kailasa paradise kinship, not Meru as the cosmic axis alone and not Vaikuntha as Vishnu’s heaven.
from John Dowson · A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, 1879
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Vaikuntha is historically related to Paradise.
Dowson seats Vishnu’s heaven as Vaikuntha (Vaikuntha-natha ‘lord of Vaikuntha (paradise)’) — Vaikuntha paradise kinship, not Swarga as Indra’s heaven and not Kailasa as Siva’s peak.
from John Dowson · A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, 1879
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sources
- The Qur’an · M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation)
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur’an (Oxford).
- The Jewish Encyclopedia · Isidore Singer et al.
Isidore Singer et al., The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906).
- A Biblical and Theological Dictionary · Richard Watson
Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary.
- A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion · John Dowson
John Dowson, A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion (1879).
- Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art · Louisa Twining
Louisa Twining, Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art.