Source citation ledger

The Shell Money of the Slave Trade

Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson

book · 1986

Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson, The Shell Money of the Slave Trade.

These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.

Yoruba culture · West Africa

Cowrie is used in Atlantic trade.
Hogendorn and Johnson treat cowrie shells as money in the Atlantic slave trade. Economics, not Ifá verses.
from Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson · The Shell Money of the Slave Trade, 1986
used in · sourced · documented
Cowrie appears in Yoruba culture.
Cowries circulate in Yoruba and neighboring economies and rites. Culture is not identical with Ifá and not identical with the Atlantic ledger.
from William Bascom · Ifa Divination, 1969; Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson · The Shell Money of the Slave Trade, 1986
appears in · sourced · documented

West Africa

Atlantic trade appears in West Africa.
The trade’s African shore is West Africa. Cowrie money is one instrument of that traffic.
from Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson · The Shell Money of the Slave Trade, 1986
appears in · sourced · documented
Indigo is historically related to Atlantic trade.
Indigo plantations and Atlantic trade are overlapping early-modern facts. A color-crop, not a mystery school.
from Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson · The Shell Money of the Slave Trade, 1986
historically related to · interpretive · culturally specific