Source citation ledger
Homeric Hymn to Athena
Anonymous (Homeric hymn)
translation · c. 7th–5th century BCE
Homeric Hymn 28, to Athena.
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Hellenic religion
Athena is glaukōpis in Homer, and later Athenian art gives her the owl. The epithet is a glance; the bird on coins is a civic sign, not a pan-European wisdom mascot.
from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form); Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
sacred to · sourced · documented
The city bears her name and her temple on the Acropolis. Civic cult, not a generic mind-goddess of later essays.
from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
sacred to · sourced · documented
Athena is associated with Knowledge.
Athena’s counsel is craft and civic intelligence in Greek sources. Later “goddess of wisdom” posters flatten that craft into a motto.
from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form); Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE
associated with · sourced · documented
Athena belongs to Hellenic religion.
Athena is a Greek goddess. Burkert’s synthesis is secondary; the hymns and epic are primary.
from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
belongs to · sourced · documented