element
Smoke
Visible breath of fire. Offerings, signals, and later “smoke without fire” talk use it differently.
Roman religion
Smoke appears in Roman religion.
Virgil’s Aeneid seats sacrificial and funeral smoke rising from altars and pyres as sign and rite-mark. Smoke as published element in that cult speech, not KF incense churn and not fire-roman-virgil alone.
from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)
appears in · sourced · documented
Smoke is used in Medicine.
Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica repeatedly directs fumigation and smoke of named drugs for cough, womb, and cleansing uses. A named smoke job in that handbook, not incense as KF offerings churn and not fire as the combustion principle already seated in other medicine rows.
from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE
used in · sourced · documented
Smoke is historically related to Ochre.
In Heather's Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, Smoke is treated with Ochre; piece and peer stock share the entry.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Tobacco is associated with Smoke.
In Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon, an earwig in the meatus may be destroyed by tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into the meatus — tobacco supplies that smoke.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
associated with · sourced · documented
sources
- Aeneid · Virgil
Virgil, Aeneid.
- De Materia Medica · Pedanius Dioscorides
Dioscorides, De Materia Medica.
- Treatise on Mathematical Instruments · J. F. Heather
J. F. Heather, A Treatise on Mathematical Instruments.
- Medical Lexicon · Robley Dunglison
Robley Dunglison, Medical Lexicon (Dictionary of Medical Science).