Source citation ledger
Treatise on Mathematical Instruments
J. F. Heather
book · 1849 (and later PD editions)
J. F. Heather, A Treatise on Mathematical Instruments.
A Treatise on Mathematical Instruments
Added 2026-10-18 (yield-gated wave 8). Preflight survey/instrument orphans (~33). Keep apart from brewster-optics lens seats. License-check required.
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
European folklore
Box sextant is historically related to Glass.
Heather’s Treatise seats the box or pocket sextant among surveying angle instruments whose index glass and half-silvered horizon glass form the reflecting pair, with dark glasses for bright objects. A named box-sextant in that surveying speech, not Hadley’s full astronomical sextant alone, not Troughton’s reflecting circle, and not an optical square.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Gunter’s chain is historically related to Brass.
Heather’s Treatise seats Gunter’s chain among land-surveying measuring chains of 66 feet in 100 links, with pieces of brass of different shapes attached at every tenth link for counting. A named gunter-chain in that surveying speech, not a Gunter logarithmic scale, and not Ramsden’s separate steel base-chain alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Gunter’s scale is historically related to Ivory.
Heather’s Treatise seats logarithmic Gunter’s lines among drawing-scale furniture constructed and used with the pocket-case plain scale (ivory) and commonly laid down upon pocket sectors. A named gunter-scale in that Gunter’s-lines speech, not Gunter’s surveying chain, and not Coggeshall’s sliding rule alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Optical square is historically related to Glass.
Heather’s Treatise seats the optical square among surveying offset instruments that fix the two glasses of the sextant permanently at 45° so that direct and reflected objects subtend a right angle. A named optical-square in that surveying speech, not a box sextant with a movable index, and not a prismatic compass.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Prismatic compass is historically related to Needle.
Heather’s Treatise seats the prismatic compass among surveying angle instruments whose compass card carries a magnetic needle on an agate center, read through a prism against a sight-vane. A named prismatic-compass in that surveying speech, not a gyrocompass, not a theodolite, and not a bare box sextant.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Reflecting circle is historically related to Circle.
Heather’s Treatise seats Troughton’s reflecting circle among astronomical reflecting instruments that keep the sextant principle but make the limb a complete circle with three verniers and an index glass. A named reflecting-circle in that Troughton speech, not a box sextant alone, not a theodolite horizontal limb dump, and not a bare circular protractor.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sector is historically related to Circle.
Heather’s Treatise seats the sector among drawing instruments whose name and form follow Euclid’s sector of a circle — two equal legs moveable about a joint as radii, carrying sectoral lines. A named sector in that mathematical-instrument speech, not a dip sector alone, and not a Gunter scale dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Slide rule is historically related to Oak.
Heather’s Treatise seats Coggeshall’s or the carpenter’s sliding rule among drawing-instrument additions used for taking dimensions and finding the contents of timber by logarithmic lines and a girt line. A named slide-rule in that Coggeshall speech, not a folding-rule, not Gunter’s chain, and not bare Gunter’s lines alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Station pointer is historically related to Circle.
Heather’s Treatise seats the station pointer among plotting instruments with three arms moveable about a common center, two carrying graduated arcs read by verniers to set observed angles onto the plot. A named station-pointer in that surveying-plotting speech, not a theodolite, not a circular protractor alone, and not a plane-table.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Theodolite is historically related to Meridian.
Heather’s Treatise seats the theodolite as the chief surveying instrument for horizontal and vertical angles, and explains laying the true meridian when plotting bearings taken with chain and theodolite. A named theodolite in that surveying speech, not a circumferentor, not a graphometer, not a plane-table or alidade, and not a prismatic compass alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Water level is historically related to Water.
Heather’s Treatise seats the water level among levelling instruments as a hollow brass tube filled with coloured water whose surfaces in end bottles give a horizontal line. A named water-level in that surveying speech, not a spirit level, not Gravatt’s/dumpy level, not an Abney level, and not a reflecting level alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Putty is historically related to Dye.
heather-instruments seats putty among its lemmas — putty speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sapphire is historically related to Dye.
heather-instruments seats sapphire among its lemmas — sapphire speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Whiting is historically related to Dye.
heather-instruments seats whiting among its lemmas — whiting speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Canvas is historically related to Dye.
heather-instruments seats canvas among its lemmas — canvas speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Diamond is historically related to Dye.
heather-instruments seats diamond among its lemmas — diamond speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Glue is historically related to Oil.
heather-instruments seats glue among its lemmas — glue speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pitch is historically related to Oil.
heather-instruments seats pitch among its lemmas — pitch speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Parchment is historically related to Clay.
heather-instruments seats parchment among its lemmas — parchment speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Speculum is historically related to Glass.
heather-instruments seats speculum among its lemmas — speculum speech, not a free modern dump alone.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Barometer is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats barometer beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Canal is historically related to Water.
heather-instruments seats canal beside water as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
City is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats city beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Port is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats port beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Settle is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats settle beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Venice is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats venice beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Purple is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats purple beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Shears is historically related to Wool.
heather-instruments seats shears beside wool as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Slate is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats slate beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cement is historically related to Clay.
heather-instruments seats cement beside clay as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Nave is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats nave beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pier is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats pier beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Entablature is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats entablature beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Arrow is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats arrow beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Road is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats road beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Needle is historically related to Wool.
heather-instruments seats needle beside wool as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Coal is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats coal beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sand is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats sand beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Basil is historically related to Oil.
heather-instruments seats basil beside oil as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Magnifying glass is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats magnifying-glass beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Concrete is historically related to Salt.
heather-instruments seats concrete beside salt as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Smoke is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats smoke beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Zinc is historically related to Iron.
heather-instruments seats zinc beside iron as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Agate is historically related to Marble.
heather-instruments seats agate beside marble as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Brick is historically related to Iron.
heather-instruments seats brick beside iron as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Nitre is historically related to Iron.
heather-instruments seats nitre beside iron as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Porcupine is historically related to Oil.
heather-instruments seats porcupine beside oil as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sage is historically related to Oak.
heather-instruments seats sage beside oak as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Tempera is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats tempera beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Isinglass is historically related to Salt.
heather-instruments seats isinglass beside salt as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Turpentine is historically related to Ochre.
heather-instruments seats turpentine beside ochre as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Vitriol is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats vitriol beside workshop as a craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cycloid is historically related to Clay.
heather-instruments seats orphan cycloid beside clay as a first craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Lens Form is historically related to Glass.
heather-instruments seats orphan lens-form beside glass as a first craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Paraboloid is historically related to Clay.
heather-instruments seats orphan paraboloid beside clay as a first craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Parallel ruler is historically related to Workshop.
heather-instruments seats orphan parallel-ruler beside workshop as a first craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Prolate spheroid is historically related to Clay.
heather-instruments seats orphan prolate-spheroid beside clay as a first craft peer — object speech, not a text-container or tradition dump.
from J. F. Heather · Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, 1849 (and later PD editions)
historically related to · sourced · documented