Map

practice

Medicine

Rituals

An organized craft of treating the sick. Asklepian temples, humoral handbooks, and later clinics should not be merged into one “ancient medicine.”

object · 408

Northwest Coast tradition

  • Drum is used in Medicine.

    Swanton’s Tlingit Myths and Texts treat the drum as an instrument used in shamanic healing and power work of that coast. Drum used in that medicine practice, not Nahua huehuetl rite alone and not appears_in northwest attestation alone.

    from John R. Swanton · Tlingit Myths and Texts, 1909

    used in · sourced · documented

  • Charm is used in Medicine.

    Swanton’s Tlingit collection treats small power-objects as gear used in shamanic healing and protection speech of that coast. Charm used in that medicine practice, not a shop-amulet dump and not appears_in attestation alone.

    from John R. Swanton · Tlingit Myths and Texts, 1909

    used in · sourced · documented

European folklore

  • Gallipot is used in Medicine.

    Culpeper’s Complete Herbal seats the gallipot in the troche chapter: gum tragacanth is put into a gallipot with distilled water overnight to make the mucilage for little cakes, and he prefers pocket troches to carrying a gallipot about. A named gallipot in that compounding speech, not a pill-tile, not a pill-roller, and not an albarello maiolica jar.

    from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)

    used in · sourced · documented

  • Syringe is used in Medicine.

    Culpeper’s Complete Herbal seats the syringe for injecting herb juice into the bladder among stone and urinary physic (e.g. saxifrage / related simples taken in syrup or decoction, or injected with a syringe). A named syringe in that injection speech, not a catheter drain tube, not a clyster enema alone, and not a modern hypodermic dump.

    from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)

    used in · sourced · documented

unknown · 318
    substance · 198
    element · 117

    • Salt is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists salt among aquatic remedies: drying, cleansing, and compounded into salves and poultices. A Roman-era pharmacological use of a mineral, not alchemical “salt” as a principle of matter and not a folk purity charm.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ice is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats ice among cold applications and the management of chill in the body’s remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of frozen water, not snow as soft fall alone and not crystal as a gem word.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Snow is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats snow among cold applications used to chill and check. A Roman-era pharmacological use of soft ice-fall, not ice as a solid mass and not frost on a pane.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Clay is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists medicinal earths and clays among drugs: plasters, seals, and drying earths. First-century pharmacological use of plastic earth, not pottery alone and not sand.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chalk is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists chalky white earths among drying and sealing drugs. First-century pharmacological use of soft white limestone-earth, not lime as burned caustic and not gypsum.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wax is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists wax among ointment bases and plasters. First-century pharmacological use of wax as a working drug base, not beeswax under a forced second id alone and not tallow.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Beeswax is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica names beeswax among wax drugs and ointment bases. First-century pharmacological use of hive wax, not the bare wax class alone and not tallow.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pitch is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pitch among warming and drawing drugs and plasters. First-century pharmacological use of dark resinous pitch, not resin as soft gum alone and not tar as a later industrial word.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Resin is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists tree resins among incense-adjacent and medicinal gums. First-century pharmacological use of soft resin, not frankincense as a named gum already walked and not pitch as the cooked dark form.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Verdigris is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists verdigris (copper green) among sharp drying drugs for ulcers and eyes. First-century pharmacological use of the copper acetate green, not copper metal alone and not malachite.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • White lead is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists white lead (cerussa) among cooling and drying face and ulcer drugs. First-century pharmacological use of lead carbonate white, not metallic lead alone and not chalk.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Charcoal is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats charcoal among drying and cleansing carbon remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of burned wood-carbon, not coal from the ground and not soot as unsorted dust.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Quicklime is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats quicklime among caustic burned-lime remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sharp lime, not chalk as soft mark-stone and not potash.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lime is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats lime among burned-lime and mortar-related remedies and caustics. A Roman-era pharmacological use of lime, not chalk and not quicklime under a forced second id alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Minium is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats minium among red lead pigments and related preparations entering drugs and paints. A Roman-era use of red lead oxide, not vermilion cinnabar alone and not blood.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Antimony is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats stibium/antimony among eye-paints and mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use filed on the antimony id, not a second stibium entity flatten and not lead.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Arsenic is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats arsenic compounds (sandarach and kin) among mineral drugs and pigments. A Roman-era pharmacological use of arsenic minerals, not antimony and not sulfur.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Red ochre is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats red ochre among earth pigments and drying earths used in remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of red iron-earth, not yellow ochre and not blood.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Yellow ochre is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats yellow ochre among earth pigments and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological and craft use of yellow iron-earth, not red ochre and not gold.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Massicot is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats massicot and related lead-oxide yellows among mineral preparations neighboring litharge and minium drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the yellow lead oxide, not minium red lead alone and not metallic lead.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Naphtha is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats naphtha among burning bituminous liquids noted in remedy and marvel speech. A Roman-era pharmacological/natural-history use of light bitumen oil, not bitumen as the heavier pitch-earth already filed and not petroleum as a modern class.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Dew is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats dew among cold moistures gathered for cooling and related applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of night moisture, not ice or snow as solid cold and not rainwater as a dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Frost is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats frost among cold that bites and chills in remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of hard cold film, not ice as a mass and not dew as soft moisture.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Brine is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats brine and strong salt waters among cleansing and preserving applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of salt liquor, not salt as the dry mineral already filed and not seawater as an ocean dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Fuller's earth is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats fuller’s earth among cleansing earths used to scour and dry. A Roman-era pharmacological/craft use of absorbent earth, not clay as the plastic drug earth and not kaolin as a later china-clay name.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sal ammoniac is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats hammoniac salt among mineral salts used in drugs and crafts. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sal ammoniac, not ordinary salt and not potash as plant ash alkali.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calx is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats calx and burned earths among caustic and drying applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of burned lime-earth, not quicklime as the fresh caustic already filed and not chalk as soft white earth.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bone ash is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats burned bone ash among drying and abrasive ash-earth applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bone ash, not charcoal as wood carbon and not chalk.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Tallow is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists animal fats and tallows among ointment and plaster bases. First-century pharmacological use of rendered fat, not beeswax as hive wax and not oil as olive oil already filed.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rosin is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats hard resinous pine products among drug bases beside softer resins. First-century pharmacological use of rosin, not pitch as cooked tar and not the bare resin class alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Iron is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats iron and iron rust among metal remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of iron, not steel as the hardened alloy already walked and not lodestone as the magnetic stone alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Blue vitriol is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats chalcanthum and related copper vitriols among mineral astringents and eye drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of blue vitriol, not bare vitriol as the class already walked and not green vitriol as the iron sulfate neighbor.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Green vitriol is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats green copperas/vitriol neighbors among mineral astringents beside chalcanthum speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of green vitriol, not blue vitriol alone and not bare vitriol as the class already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Slag is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats scoria and furnace slags among metal by-products compounded in remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of slag, not cinder as soft ash alone and not iron as the parent metal already walked here.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oil is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats oils among ointment vehicles and related drug preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of oil as a class, not linseed-oil as the named drying oil already walked and not olive as the plant already walked elsewhere.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Potash is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats wood-ash alkalis among cleansing and caustic preparations neighboring nitrum speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of potash-ash alkali, not natron as the evaporite already walked and not table salt.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lye is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats ash-lye washes among cleansing and caustic household drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of lye, not potash as the dry ash salt alone and not soap as a later finished cake dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cinder is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats cinis (ash and cinder) among drying and cleansing carbon-earth remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of cinder-ash, not charcoal as prepared wood-carbon already walked and not slag as furnace scoria.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rainwater is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats rainwater among collected waters used in remedies and cleansing speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of fallen water, not rain as the weather phenomenon and not dew as night moisture already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Seawater is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats seawater among salt waters used in bathing and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sea liquor, not brine as concentrated salt liquor already walked and not sea as the place alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Turpentine is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists terebinth / turpentine resin (τερμινθέα) among drawing resins and compound ingredients. A named turpentine in that handbook, not rosin as the hard residue already walked and not pitch as dark tar already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Asphalt is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists asphalt / bitumen (ἄσφαλτος) among mineral drugs used in plasters and fumigations. A named asphalt in that handbook, not bitumen as a separate broader sticky lemma already seated in Pliny pharmacy and not a modern road-tar dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Gum arabic is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists acacia gum (κομμί) among binders and astringent gums used in eye-salves and compound medicines. A named gum arabic in that handbook, not acacia as the whole tree already walked in Dioscorides pharmacy and not tragacanth as the neighboring shrub gum.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Castoreum is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists castoreum (καστόριον) among animal drugs taken for spasm, sleep, and related compound medicines. A named castoreum in that handbook, not beaver as a being dump and not musk as a later scent animal.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Soil is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica catalogs medicinal earths and soils (Lemnia, Samia, and kin) among mineral drugs used as astringents and plasters. A named soil class in that handbook, not clay or chalk as the specific earths already walked and not earth-element as a cosmological five-phase dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Smoke is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica repeatedly directs fumigation and smoke of named drugs for cough, womb, and cleansing uses. A named smoke job in that handbook, not incense as KF offerings churn and not fire as the combustion principle already seated in other medicine rows.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Water is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats waters (sea, rain, spring, and boiled) among vehicles and simple drugs with distinct pharmaceutical jobs. A named water in that handbook, not baptism or purity symbolism and not wine/vinegar as liquid vehicles left unpublished here.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Vinegar is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats acetum among cooling, cleansing, and compounded remedies across the pharmacy books. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sour wine-vinegar, not verjuice as unripe-grape sour and not a modern salad dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Spring water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats spring waters among the judged drinking and bathing waters of Book 31, noting which fontes help or harm. A Roman-era pharmacological and dietetic use of spring-water, not river-water as running channel water and not mineral-water as the medicated class alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • River water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History judges river waters among drinkable and usable waters, distinguishing clear running channels from stagnant or muddy takes. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of river-water, not spring-water as fons and not Nile as the named Egyptian river already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Well water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats well waters among dug waters whose goodness depends on depth, soil, and season. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of well-water, not spring-water as natural fons and not rainwater as collected sky-water already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mineral water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats mineralized and medicated waters among waters that carry earthy or metallic virtues for bathing and drinking. A Roman-era pharmacological use of mineral-water as a class, not thermal-water as heat alone and not sulfurous-water as the sulfur species alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Thermal water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats hot springs and heated waters among bathing cures and place-waters of Italy and the provinces. A Roman-era pharmacological use of thermal-water, not mineral-water as the broad medicated class and not ordinary spring-water alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sulfurous water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History notes sulfur-smelling and sulfur-bearing waters among place-waters used for bathing and remedy. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sulfurous-water, not bare sulfur as the mineral already walked and not thermal-water as heat alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chalybeate water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats iron-tasting and iron-bearing waters among mineral waters judged for drinking and bathing virtue. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chalybeate-water, not bare iron as the metal already walked and not mineral-water as the broad class alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Limewater is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats lime preparations and lime-steeped waters among caustic and drying pharmacy speech beside burned lime. A Roman-era pharmacological use of limewater, not bare lime or quicklime already walked and not milk-of-lime as a second slurry id.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Barley water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats barley decoctions and barley-waters among cooling and dietetic drinks of the pharmacy books. A Roman-era pharmacological use of barley-water, not bare barley grain alone and not beer as fermented barley drink.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Whey is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats whey among dairy liquors used in cooling and dietetic remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of whey, not milk as whole dairy and not cheese as the pressed curd.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Dew water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats collected dew among waters and moisture taken for pharmacy and washing speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of dew-water as gathered liquor, not dew as the morning phenomenon already walked in W5 and not rainwater as sky-catch already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Snow water is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats melted snow among cold waters judged for drinking and cooling use. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of snow-water, not snow as soft fall already walked in pharmacy and not ice as solid cold already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Verjuice is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats sour unripe-grape preparations among cooling acid liquors beside vinegar speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of verjuice, not vinegar as fermented wine-sour and not must-water as sweet must.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bole earth is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats bole earths as a class of sticky medicinal earths used in astringent and sealing compounds. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bole-earth, not armenian-bole as the named Armenian species and not clay as general potter’s earth already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Tutty is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats furnace zinc-oxide soot and cadmia neighbors (pompholyx/tutty kin) among eye and astringent mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of tutty, not cadmia as the furnace crust already walked and not metallic zinc as a later metal id.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Flower of sulfur is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats fine sublimed sulfur among sulfur drugs and fumigating preparations distinct from crude lump sulfur. A Roman-era pharmacological use of flower-of-sulfur, not bare sulfur as the mineral already walked and not sulfurous-water as the place-water.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rock salt is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History distinguishes mined rock salt among salts used in pharmacy and table speech beside sea and spring salts. A Roman-era pharmacological use of rock-salt, not bare salt as the class already walked and not brine as salt liquor already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Aes ustum is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats burned copper (aes ustum) among copper preparations used as astringent and caustic mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of aes-ustum, not bare copper as the metal and not verdigris as the green acetate already walked under other seats.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wood Ash is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats wood ashes among alkaline ash preparations used in cleansing, lye, and compound remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of wood-ash, not ash as the general burned residue already walked and not charcoal as carbon already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Suet is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats hard animal suet among fat bases for salves and external remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of suet, not tallow as the rendered fat already walked and not beeswax as the hive wax already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Storax is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats storax (styrax) among aromatic resins used in compounded remedies and fragrant preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of storax, not frankincense or myrrh as other aromatics and not KF incense-offerings churn.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mastic tears is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats Chian mastic drops among resin drugs chewed and compounded. A Roman-era pharmacological use of mastic-tears as the tear-form resin, not bare mastic as the already-walked medicine id flattened into a second identical claim.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pine tar is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats pine tars and liquid pitches among wood-tar drugs used externally and in compounds. A Roman-era pharmacological use of pine-tar, not bare pitch as the class already walked and not pine as the resinous tree already walked in W5.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Flower of zinc is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica distinguishes white furnace flowers of zinc oxide among the cadmia/pompholyx mineral drugs for eyes and drying compounds. A named flower-of-zinc in that handbook speech, not tutty as the coarser impure sublimate beside it and not zinc-white as a modern pigment reprint.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Red bole earth is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats red medicinal earths / sinopis-neighborhood boluses among astringent mineral drugs. A named red bole in that handbook speech, not ochre as the already-seated dye/medicine earth and not armenian-bole as the Armenia title alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined coral is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica directs coral burned for pharmacy among drying and polishing mineral drugs. A named calcined coral in that handbook, not coral as the raw marine drug already walked and not calcined-eggshell as a different burnt lime powder.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined sponge is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists burnt sponge ash among drying and drawing mineral-animal drugs. A named calcined sponge in that handbook, not a modern iodine dump and not calcined-bones as a different ash.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined eggshell is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica uses burnt eggshell among lime-like drying powders in mineral and animal pharmacy. A named calcined eggshell in that handbook, not chalk as the already-walked earth and not calcined-coral as burnt coral beside it.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined bones is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica includes burnt bone among drying animal ashes used in compound medicines. A named calcined bones in that handbook, not calcined-hartshorn as the horn-facing ash and not bone-black as a pigment dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined hartshorn is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica neighborhood of burnt horn and bone ashes licenses hartshorn burned to a white salt-earth among drying animal drugs. A named calcined hartshorn in that handbook speech, not spirit-of-hartshorn as a later liquor and not calcined-bones as generic bone ash alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Burnt alum is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats roasted / anhydrous alum among stronger drying astringent mineral salts. A named burnt alum in that handbook, not alum as the hydrate already seated in medicine and not earth-of-alum as the residual earth beside it.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rice water is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats rice among cereal drugs whose boiled starch water serves as a mild drink and wash. A named rice-water in that handbook, not rice as the grain already walked and not barley-water as the ptisan neighbor.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Must water is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats grape must among sweet fruit liquors entering pharmacy beside wine and vinegar speech. A named must-water in that handbook, not wine as an unpublished mint here and not verjuice as the unripe sour cut.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rain catch is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica ranks rainwater among preferred hydor simples for pharmacy and washing when cleanly caught. A named rain-catch in that handbook, not spring-water as rise and not distilled-water as later still-work.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lake water is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica discusses standing lake and marsh waters among hydor simples judged for pharmacy use. A named lake-water in that handbook, not river-water as running flow and not sulfurous-water as mineral spring speech.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Isinglass is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists fish-glue / ichthyocolla (ἰχθυόκολλα) among clarifying and binding animal drugs. A named isinglass in that handbook, not gelatin as general gelatine and not fish-glue as the joinery adhesive cut alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Soot black is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica soot / lignys chapters license prepared black soot among drying compounds; soot-black names the prepared black cut. A named soot-black in that handbook speech, not chimney-soot as raw flue soot and not bistre as a brown wash pigment alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Milk of lime is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lime chapters license milky slaked-lime suspensions among caustic mineral preparations. A named milk-of-lime in that handbook, not limewater as the clear solution and not cream-of-lime as the thick settled paste.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cream of lime is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lime materia includes thick settled lime pastes among caustic external drugs. A named cream-of-lime in that handbook, not milk-of-lime as the thin suspension and not limewater as the clear liquor.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cade oil is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica juniper and empyreumatic wood-oil neighborhood licenses cade-style juniper tar oil among skin and fumigation drugs. A named cade-oil in that handbook speech, not juniper as the whole shrub already walked and not juniper-tar as the tar cut beside it.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Juniper tar is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats juniper wood products and related tars among drawing and skin drugs beside the shrub’s berry pharmacy. A named juniper-tar in that handbook, not cade-oil as oil speech and not pitch as the already-walked dark tar.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wood tar is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica wood-pitch chapters license empyreumatic wood tars among drawing external drugs. A named wood-tar in that handbook, not pine-tar as the pine-facing cut and not stockholm-tar as a later trade name refused elsewhere.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oil of spike is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists spike-lavender / stoichas (στοιχάς) among aromatic oils and compounds; oil-of-spike is later English speech for that spike-lavender oil cut. A named oil-of-spike in that handbook neighborhood, not lavender as the already-walked labiate and not turpentine as resin spirit.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Crocus martis is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists iron rust / iron scales (ἰὸς σιδήρου) among drying mineral drugs; crocus martis is later Latin pharmacy speech for that iron calx. A named crocus-martis in that handbook neighborhood, not iron as the metal already seated in medicine and not colcothar as vitriol residue alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Crocus veneris is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists copper flowers and scales among mineral eye and ulcer drugs; crocus veneris is later Latin speech for saffron-named copper calx. A named crocus-veneris in that handbook neighborhood, not aes-ustum as burnt copper already filed here and not verdigris as the green acetate.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lye water is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica ash-lye washes appear among alkaline cleaning and caustic pharmacy waters drawn from wood ash. A named lye-water in that handbook, not wood-ash as the dry alkali and not soap-water as later soap liquor.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Emery earth is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists emery / smiris (σμύρις) among hard mineral powders used to smooth and in related pharmacy. A named emery-earth in that handbook, not diamond as a gem dump and not rottenstone as a later polishing earth.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Charcoal dust is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica uses charcoal among drying and filtering materials in compound pharmacy. A named charcoal-dust in that handbook, not coal as mineral fuel and not chimney-soot as flue soot.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Iron scale is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists scales of iron (λεπίδες σιδήρου) among drying mineral drugs scraped from worked iron. A named iron-scale in that handbook, not forge-scale or mill-scale as workshop twins and not crocus-martis as the later saffron-named calx already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wheat starch is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats wheat starch (ἄμυλον) among cereal drugs used as a mild binding and cooling preparation. A named wheat-starch in that handbook, not flour-paste as cooked adhesive and not potato-starch or arrowroot as later New-World starch pads.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Steatite rock is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica soft-stone chapters license talc-rich steatite among stones powdered for drying external drugs. A named steatite-rock in that handbook, not soapstone as the objects-door carving seat already held by Pliny and not serpentine-rock as a different green stone mass.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Grapevine black is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica charcoal and soot (lignys) speech licenses vine-wood charcoal among drying black preparations. A named grapevine-black in that handbook, not charcoal as the general fuel-drug already seated and not soot-black as the prepared soot cut already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcined hartshorn salt is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica burnt-horn chapters license the white salt-earth taken from calcined horn among drying animal drugs. A named calcined-hartshorn-salt in that handbook speech, not calcined-hartshorn as the ash already walked and not spirit-of-hartshorn as a later distilled liquor.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Incense fume is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica fumigation chapters treat fragrant burnt-resin fumes among inhaled and purifying drug uses beside solid aromatics. A named incense-fume in that handbook, not smoke as the bare class already seated in medicine and not frankincense as the resin lump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Alkali is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica ash-lye and nitron speech treats ashy alkaline bases among scouring and pharmacy vehicles opposite sour liquors. A named alkali class in that handbook neighborhood, not potash or lye-water as already-seated specific cuts and not alkali as a modern pH lecture.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Acid is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica vinegar and sour-liquor chapters treat acid working fluids among pharmacy vehicles and external drugs. A named acid class in that handbook neighborhood, not vinegar as the already-seated table liquor and not acetic-acid or oil-of-vitriol as later concentrates.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Tripoli earth is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica polishing-stone and fine abrasive earth speech licenses siliceous polishing earths among drying external mineral drugs beside emery and pumice. A named tripoli-earth in that handbook neighborhood under later trade naming, not emery-earth or pumice as already-seated abrasives and not rottenstone as the twin polish pad.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lanolin is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists wool-grease / oesypum (οἴσυπος) among animal fats used in ointments and softening drugs. A named lanolin in that handbook speech under later English naming, not suet as hard loin fat already walked and not spermaceti or civet as different animal greases the handbook does not seat here.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Brown bole is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica medicinal-earth chapters treat brown bole clays among astringent bolus drugs distinct by color from red and yellow earths. A named brown-bole in that handbook, not red-bole-earth or armenian-bole as already-walked red/Armenia seats and not umber as a later pigment earth alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Yellow bole is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica medicinal-earth chapters treat yellow bole clays among astringent bolus drugs distinct by color from red and brown earths. A named yellow-bole in that handbook, not ochre as the already-seated yellow earth and not red-bole-earth as the red bole already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calomel is used in Medicine.

      Dunglison seats calomel (mercurous chloride) among mercurial medicines of the materia medica — calomel speech, not metallic quicksilver alone.

      from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Camphor is used in Medicine.

      In Dunglison's Medical Lexicon, Camphor is named in the physic and receipt lemmas beside Medicine.

      from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sulfur is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists live sulfur among mineral remedies: compounded into plasters and poultices, used for skin afflictions, and taken as an electuary. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the mineral, not alchemical “sulfur” as a principle of combustible matter and not kitchen fire alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Copper is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists calcined copper and copper scales among metal remedies: compounded into eye-salves, used as desiccatives for wounds, and given for ulcers and fistulas. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not Venus’s laboratory pairing and not alchemical copper as a craft principle alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Silver is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists silver scoria among metal remedies: compounded into wound plasters and eye-salves, used in clysters for dysentery, and applied as liniments for ulcers and scars. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not lunar silver-speech and not looking-glass silvering alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mercury (metal) is used in Medicine.

      Quicksilver (hydrargyros) is ranked among simple medicines; Galen records mercury compounded in plasters and external remedies for skin affections, distinguishing medicinal use of the metal from mere metallurgical mention. The simples treatise treats mercury among drug materials applied in pharmacy, not as an altar offering.

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Air is used in Medicine.

      Medicine has always borrowed the breath. Air enters the craft as the first measure of life still moving — not a god of wind, not a humor alone, but the medium the healer watches when the chest rises.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    • Blood is used in Medicine.

      Blood is the craft’s oldest measure of what still lives. In medicine it is taken, staunched, and read — the closed body’s river turned to a sign the healer must answer.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    • Fire is used in Medicine.

      Fire used in Medicine. Combustion: heat, light, and consumption. An organized craft of treating the sick. The Atlas keeps their meeting local, without dissolving either into a single meaning.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    plant · 99

    Hellenic religion

    • Wormwood is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists absinthion (wormwood) among drugs: a bitter Artemisia prepared as draughts and remedies. First-century pharmacological use of the plant, not Revelation’s star and not a cult calendar.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Silphium is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists silphium (laser / silphion) among drugs: a Cyrenaic plant prepared as remedies. First-century pharmacological use of the vanished fennel-like ware, not wormwood and not a cult calendar.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Barley is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists barley (krithē) among drugs: ptisan, barley-water, and poultices. First-century pharmacological use of the grain, not a Vedic cake and not Demeter’s gift-talk.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wheat is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists wheat (pyros) among cereal drugs: flour and related preparations used as remedies. First-century pharmacological use of the staple, not Demeter’s gift and not one wheat religion.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cedar is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cedar (kedros) and cedar-oil among drugs. First-century pharmacological use of the timber-tree, not Gilgamesh’s Cedar Forest and not Yggdrasil.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mistletoe is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists mistletoe (viscum) among drugs as well as among the Druid cutting. A Roman encyclopedic pharmacy use of the plant, not the Gaulish rite already stored, and not a later crystal-healing viscum.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mint is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ Materia Medica treats mint among garden herbs with drug uses. A named mint in that handbook, not Menthe as a nymph dump without a checked Menthe entity and not a candy dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rose is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats rose among cultivated flowers with oil and drug chapters. A named rose in that encyclopedia, not briar-rose-spindle as the fairy-tale object and not a Valentine dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Poppy is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ Materia Medica treats poppy among sleep-inducing plant drugs. A named poppy in that handbook, not opium as a refined later product dump and not a Flanders memorial flatten alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Garlic is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists garlic (scorodon) among food-drugs: warming, digestive, and vermifuge uses in the pharmacological handbook. A named garlic in that craft, not a vampire-ward dump and not a kitchen-only flatten.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Onion is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists onion (krommyon) among food-drugs with heating and drawing uses. A named onion in that handbook, not garlic as the neighboring allium and not a tear-comedy dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Saffron is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists saffron (krokos) among aromatic drugs and eye/ointment compounds. A named saffron in that handbook, not a dye-only flatten and not a modern supplement dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cinnamon is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cinnamon (kinamomon) among prized aromatic drugs and warming compound ingredients. A named cinnamon in that handbook, not cassia as a second bark dump without a checked cassia entity and not a pastry dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ginger is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists ginger (zingiberi) among warming digestive roots in the drug catalog. A named ginger in that handbook, not turmeric as a neighboring yellow root and not a soft-drink dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pepper is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pepper (peperi) among heating spices used in compound medicines. A named pepper in that handbook, not chili as a New-World capsicum and not a table-condiment dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Iris is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists iris root among aromatic purgative and ointment drugs. A named iris in that handbook, not the eye-iris anatomy flatten and not a florist dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lily is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists lily (krinon) among softening ointment and burn-plant drugs. A named lily in that handbook, not lotus as a separate water-plant identity and not a funeral-flower dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Laurel is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists laurel/bay (daphne) berries, leaves, and oil among warming drugs. A named laurel in that handbook, not Daphne’s Ovid metamorphosis already walked as appears_in and not bay as a second entity for the same plant.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Myrtle is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists myrtle (myrsine) berries and leaves among astringent drugs. A named myrtle in that handbook, not Virgil’s Roman plant speech already walked and not a wedding-wreath dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cypress is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cypress (kyparissos) nuts and leaves among astringent drugs. A named cypress in that handbook, not Cyparissus metamorphosis already walked and not a cemetery-tree dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pine is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pine (pitys/peuke) resin, nuts, and bark among drug materials, kept beside pitch without collapsing into the already-walked pitch row. A named pine in that handbook, not a timber dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Juniper is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists juniper (arkeuthos) berries among heating and diuretic drugs. A named juniper in that handbook, not gin as a later spirit dump and not cedar as the already-walked tree pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ivy is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists ivy (kissos) leaves and clusters among cooling and head-drug uses. A named ivy in that handbook, not Pausanias Dionysiac sanctuary speech already walked and not a wallpaper dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Aloe is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists aloe among bitter purgative and wound-closing drugs. A named aloe in that handbook, not a modern gel-cosmetic dump and not agave as a New-World lookalike.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Henbane is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists henbane (hyoskyamos) among narcotic plant drugs with careful dose speech. A named henbane in that handbook, not belladonna as an unresolved later Atropa identity and not a witches’-flying dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Nettle is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists nettle (akalyphe/knide) among drawing and blood-staunching plant drugs. A named nettle in that handbook, not a textile-fiber dump alone and not a slapstick-sting dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Basil is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists basil (okimon) among garden herbs with drug uses and cautionary notes. A named basil in that handbook, not a pesto dump and not holy-basil as a separate South Asian tulsi identity.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Thyme is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists thyme (thymos) among heating aromatic herbs used in drugs and plasters. A named thyme in that handbook, not a kitchen-blend dump alone and not savory as an unchecked second entity.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sage is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists sage (elelisphakos) among astringent and warming herb drugs. A named sage in that handbook, not a wisdom-pun dump and not white-sage as a New-World smudge identity.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chamomile is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists chamomile/anthemis among warming flower drugs for infusions and baths. A named chamomile in that handbook, not daisy as a casual synonym flatten and not a bedtime-tea marketing dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rosemary is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists rosemary-kind libanotis/dendrolibanos speech among heating aromatic herb drugs. A named rosemary in that handbook, not frankincense as the resin already walked and not a memory-meme dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Flax is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists flax (linon) seed among softening and demulcent drugs. A named flax in that handbook, not linen as cloth alone and not hemp as the neighboring bast fiber.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hemp is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists hemp (kannabis) among plant drugs with juice and seed uses noted in the handbook. A named hemp in that craft, not a modern cannabis-culture dump and not flax as the neighboring fiber plant.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Fig is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists fig (syke) fruit and leaves among softening and drawing drugs. A named fig in that handbook, not the Qur’anic fig speech already walked and not a leaf-cover allegory dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Grape is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats the grape-vine’s fruit, leaves, and must among drug materials and wine-adjacent pharmacy. A named grape in that handbook, not vine as a second entity for the same ἄμπελος and not Dionysiac myth alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pomegranate is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pomegranate (rhoa) rind and flower among astringent drugs. A named pomegranate in that handbook, not the Hymn to Demeter underworld fruit already walked and not a superfood dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Apple is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists apple (melon) kinds among cooling and stomach drugs. A named apple in that handbook, not Idunn’s Norse apples or the apple-of-discord already walked and not a teacher’s-pet dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Date is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists date-palm (phoinix) fruit among nourishing and softening drugs. A named date in that handbook, not the Qur’anic date-palm speech already walked and not a calendar-fruit dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Willow is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists willow (itea) leaves and bark among astringent and cooling drugs. A named willow in that handbook, not a basket-withe dump alone and not a modern aspirin origin-story dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Reed is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists reed (kalamos) root and nodes among drawing and ear-drug materials. A named reed in that handbook, not Gilgamesh marsh-reed speech already walked and not aulos as Hellenic reed-pipe.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Papyrus is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists papyrus (papyros) among plant materials with drug and burn-dressing uses. A named papyrus in that handbook, not Plutarch’s Egyptian marsh speech or papyrus-roll book form already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mugwort is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists mugwort among the artemisia herb drugs, kept apart from wormwood’s already-published pharmacy row. A named mugwort in that handbook, not a dream-pillow dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Acacia is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists acacia (akakia) gum and juice among astringent eye and mouth drugs. A named acacia in that handbook, not a desert-thorn dump alone and not frankincense as a different resin already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rice is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists rice (oryza) among imported grains with binding and stomach uses. A named rice in that handbook, not Inari’s Japanese rice already walked and not a modern bowl-food dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Millet is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists millet (kenkhros) among cereal drugs and poultices. A named millet in that handbook, not barley/wheat as the already-walked cereal pharmacy and not a birdseed dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Woad is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists woad/isatis among plant drugs with astringent leaf uses, kept apart from Caesar’s Briton body-stain speech already walked. A named woad in that handbook, not a Celtic tattoo dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Walnut is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists walnut (karya) among nut drugs with bark and partition uses. A named walnut in that handbook, not a brain-shape lore dump and not hazel as a refused weaker ID this pass.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cherry is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cherry (kerasos) gum and fruit among drug materials. A named cherry in that handbook, not a pie dump and not apple as the neighboring fruit pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Elder is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists elder (akte) among purgative and cooling plant drugs. A named elder in that handbook, not a folk-flute dump alone and not a witches’-tree dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ash is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists ash (melia) leaves and keys among heating and diuretic drugs. A named ash tree in that handbook, not Yggdrasil as a world-tree flatten and not ash the burned residue element.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Fern is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists fern (pteris and related) among root drugs used against worms and as astringents. A named fern in that handbook, not a fairy-invisible dump and not moss as a separate growth form.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mushroom is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica treats mushrooms and agarikon among fungal drug entries with cautionary food-drug speech. A named mushroom in that handbook, not fungus as a second entity for the same meeting and not a psychedelic dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lavender is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists stoechas (French lavender kind) among heating aromatic herb drugs. A named lavender in that handbook, not a linen-closet dump alone and not rosemary as the neighboring libanotis row.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chestnut is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists chestnut (kastanea) among nut foods with binding drug uses. A named chestnut in that handbook, not a roasting-song dump and not walnut as the neighboring nut pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Elm is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists elm (ptelea) leaves and bark among astringent drugs. A named elm in that handbook, not a Dutch-elm pathology dump and not ash as the neighboring tree pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oats is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists oats (bromos) among cereal drugs and poultices. A named oats in that handbook, not barley/wheat/millet as neighboring cereal pharmacy already filed and not a breakfast dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Orchid is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists orchis/satyrion tubers among stimulant plant drugs. A named orchid in that handbook, not a corsage dump and not a modern houseplant dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Yarrow is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists achilleios/sideritis-kind yarrow speech among wound-herb drugs. A named yarrow in that handbook, not an Achilles-hero dump alone and not chamomile as the neighboring flower pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hazel is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists hazelnut/leptokarya speech among nut drugs beside the broader karya chapters. A named hazel in that handbook, not walnut as the neighboring nut pharmacy and not a dowsing-rod dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oak is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats oak among trees whose galls and related products enter pharmacological speech. A named oak pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not oak-celtic-pliny as the Druid grove seat already walked and not mistletoe as the parasite already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Moss is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats moss among soft growths gathered for packing and related applications. A Roman-era pharmacological/natural-history use of moss, not fern as the frond plant and not a Celtic mistletoe dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rue is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists rue (πήγανον) among sharp garden drugs: warming, drawing, and abortive uses in the pharmacological handbook. A named rue in that craft, not a later ‘herb of grace’ charm dump and not rosemary as a neighboring labiate.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hyssop is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists hyssop (ὕσσωπος) among heating and pectoral herbs used in compound medicines and decoctions. A named hyssop in that handbook, not biblical ezov identity theology as this sentence and not sage as the neighboring smoke-leaf.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Vervain is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists vervain / pigeon-herb (περιστερεών) among wound and ulcer drugs. A named vervain in that handbook, not Roman herba-sacra rite as this sentence and not yarrow as the neighboring wound herb already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Spikenard is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists nard / spikenard (νάρδος) among prized aromatic roots compounded into ointments and warming drugs. A named spikenard in that handbook, not Gospel anointing narrative as this sentence and not lavender as a later scent substitute.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calamus is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists sweet-flag / calamus (κάλαμος ἀρωματικός) among aromatic rhizomes used in compound medicines and unguents. A named calamus in that handbook, not biblical qaneh theology as this sentence and not reed as the marsh writing plant already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Dittany is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists Cretan dittany (δίκταμνον) among wound-drawing and uterine drugs famed from that island. A named dittany in that handbook, not kitchen oregano as a generic Origanum dump and not later grimoire speech as this sentence.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Balm of Gilead is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists Judean balsam / opobalsamum among costly aromatic resins used as drugs and ointment bases. A named balm in that handbook, not myrrh as the neighboring Commiphora already walked and not poplar-bud folk balm alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Carob is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists the carob / ceratonia pod among food-drugs with astringent fruit speech. A named carob in that handbook, not cacao as a New-World chocolate tree and not a modern carob-candy dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Quince is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists quince (κυδώνιον) among astringent fruits used raw, cooked, and in compounded stomach and flux medicines. A named quince in that handbook, not apple as the neighboring orchard fruit already walked and not a preserve-recipe dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mulberry is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists mulberry (συκάμινος) fruit and related preparations among cooling and astringent drugs. A named mulberry in that handbook, not silk-feed horticulture alone and not fig as the neighboring soft fruit already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Asphodel is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists asphodel (ἀσφόδελος) root among drawing and cleansing drugs. A named asphodel in that handbook, not underworld-meadow myth as this sentence and not lily as the pale stem already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Anemone is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists anemone / windflower (ἀνεμώνη) among sharp juices used for cleansing and skin drugs. A named anemone in that handbook, not Adonis-blood myth as this sentence and not poppy as the neighboring red field already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Narcissus is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists narcissus (νάρκισσος) root among drawing and cleansing bulb drugs, noting its heavy scent. A named narcissus in that handbook, not the youth-myth as this sentence and not lily as the pale stem already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Peony is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists peony (παιωνία) root among epilepsy and cleansing drugs named for Paion. A named peony in that handbook, not East-Asian mudan court flower as this sentence and not rose as the neighboring bloom already seated in Pliny pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Jujube is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists jujube / zizyphum (ζίζυφον) among softening fruit drugs. A named jujube in that handbook, not date as the palm sugar already walked and not Qur’anic lote-tree theology as this sentence.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Peach is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists the Persian apple / peach (περσικὸν μῆλον) among fruit drugs with leaf and kernel speech. A named peach in that handbook, not apple as the orchard round already walked and not pantao immortality-peach myth as this sentence.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Blue lotus is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists Egyptian lotos / nymphaea-neighborhood water-lilies among cooling flower and root drugs. A named blue lotus in that handbook, not Nelumbo padma as the unresolved lotus entity and not lily as the garden krinon already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hawthorn is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists oxyacantha / hawthorn (ὀξυάκανθα) among astringent fruiting shrubs used in pharmacy. A named hawthorn in that handbook, not rowan as a neighboring mountain-ash and not a modern cardiac-supplement dump.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Yew is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats yew among toxic trees whose berries and wood enter cautionary and drug speech. A Roman-era pharmacological notice of yew, not a sacred_to grove dump and not pine as the resinous timber neighbor.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Coca is used in Medicine.

      Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon seats Coca among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Coca used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Birch is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Birch among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Birch used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Eucalyptus is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Eucalyptus among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Eucalyptus used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Foxglove is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Foxglove among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Foxglove used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hops is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Hops among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Hops used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Quinoa is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Quinoa among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Quinoa used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Rye is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Rye among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Rye used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Beech is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Beech among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Beech used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pollen is used in Medicine.

      In Dioscorides's De Materia Medica, Pollen is named in the physic and receipt lemmas beside Medicine.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Seed is used in Medicine.

      In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Seed is named in the physic and receipt lemmas beside Medicine.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sunflower is historically related to Medicine.

      In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Sunflower is treated with Medicine; piece and peer stock share the entry.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Leaf is historically related to Medicine.

      In Merrifield's Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, Leaf is treated with Medicine; piece and peer stock share the entry.

      from Mary Philadelphia Merrifield · Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, 1849

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Banana is historically related to Medicine.

      In Beck's The Draper’s Dictionary, Banana is placed beside Medicine as concrete shop companions.

      from S. William Beck · The Draper’s Dictionary, 1882

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Orange is historically related to Medicine.

      In Beck's The Draper’s Dictionary, Orange and Medicine are named as companions in the same handbook speech.

      from S. William Beck · The Draper’s Dictionary, 1882

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Baobab is historically related to Medicine.

      In Burnell's Hobson-Jobson, Baobab is treated with Medicine; piece and peer stock share the entry.

      from Henry Yule and A. C. Burnell (ed. William Crooke) · Hobson-Jobson, 1886 (new ed. 1903)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Maize is used in Medicine.

      Maize used in Medicine. The American grain. An organized craft of treating the sick. The Atlas keeps their meeting local, without dissolving either into a single meaning.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    • Cacao is used in Medicine.

      Cacao used in Medicine. The tree whose seeds Mesoamerican elites drank as a prepared beverage. An organized craft of treating the sick. The Atlas keeps their meeting local, without dissolving either into a single meaning.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    • Moly is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica discusses moly (μῶλυ) among plants tied to Homeric drug speech and handbook identification attempts. A named moly in that pharmacological book, not Odyssey magic as a free-floating myth edge alone and not mandrake as the neighboring narcotic already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    animal · 44

    • Dolphin is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats dolphin among marine animals entering Roman pharmacological and natural-history speech. A named dolphin in that encyclopedia, not a modern aquarium dump and not a constellation flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Elephant is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats elephant among large land animals with ivory and drug chapters. A named elephant in that encyclopedia, not ivory as the material already walked and not a war-elephant dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bear is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats bear among land animals with fat and drug uses. A named bear in that encyclopedia, not ursa-major as the sky figure already walked and not a berserker dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bee is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats bees among insects with honey and wax chapters. A named bee in that encyclopedia, not beeswax as the material already walked and not a hive dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Dog is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the dog among land animals whose parts and products enter Roman pharmacological chapters. A named dog in that encyclopedia’s remedy speech, not Cerberus as the hell-hound and not a modern breed dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Wolf is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the wolf among land animals entering Roman drug and natural-history speech. A named wolf in that encyclopedia, not Fenrir as the Norse binding already walked and not a werewolf dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lion is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the lion among great cats with fat and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named lion in that encyclopedia, not Herodotus fauna already walked and not zodiac Leo alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hyena is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History gives the hyena an extended remedy chapter among Magian and Roman pharmacological listings. A named hyena in that encyclopedia’s drug speech, not a modern scavenger dump and not a shape-change folklore flatten alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Crocodile is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats crocodile among Nile and African animals whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named crocodile in that encyclopedia, not Plutarch’s Egyptian cult edge alone and not an alligator New-World flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hippo is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the hippopotamus among Nile animals with hide and other parts entering Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named hippo in that encyclopedia, not a modern zoo dump and not a behemoth stretch.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Camel is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the camel among land animals of Africa and Asia with milk, flesh, and other uses entering Roman handbook speech. A named camel in that encyclopedia, not a desert-trade dump alone and not a giraffe camelopardalis flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Horse is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the horse among domestic animals with milk, blood, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological and veterinary-adjacent speech. A named horse in that encyclopedia, not the Rigveda horse already walked and not the Trojan Horse stratagem object.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Deer is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats stag and deer among land animals with marrow, rennet, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named deer in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Actaeon stag already walked and not a hunt-checklist flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Boar is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the wild boar among land animals whose parts enter Roman drug and table speech. A named boar in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Calydonian/boar metamorphosis edge alone and not a domestic pig flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Goat is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the goat among domestic animals with milk, fat, and other products entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named goat in that encyclopedia, not the Rigveda goat already walked and not a satyr dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sheep is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats sheep among flock animals with fat, milk, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named sheep in that encyclopedia, not wool as the dye material already walked and not a pastoral dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ox is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the ox among cattle whose gall, fat, and other parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named ox in that encyclopedia, not bull as the fighting beast alone and not a Vedic cow flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bull is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the bull among cattle in Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named bull in that encyclopedia, not Gilgamesh’s Bull of Heaven already walked and not ox as the draft animal alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Pig is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the pig among domestic animals with fat and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named pig in that encyclopedia, not wild boar as the hunt animal already nearby and not a dietary-law dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hare is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the hare among land animals with flesh and other parts entering Roman pharmacological and dietetic speech. A named hare in that encyclopedia, not rabbit as the burrowing cuniculus alone and not a moon-hare dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Fox is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the fox among land animals whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named fox in that encyclopedia, not kitsune / Inari already walked and not a European-folklore slogan alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Weasel is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the weasel among small predators entering Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named weasel in that encyclopedia, not stoat or ferret as separate shelf ids and not a household-omen dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Hedgehog is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the hedgehog among land animals with flesh, skin, and quills entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named hedgehog in that encyclopedia, not porcupine as the larger quilled beast and not a modern pet dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Mouse is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats mice among small animals entering Roman pharmacological and household-remedy speech. A named mouse in that encyclopedia, not rat as a separate shelf id and not a modern laboratory dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Bat is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the bat among flying animals entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named bat in that encyclopedia, not Camazotz as the Popol Vuh bat-house being and not a vampire dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Frog is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats frogs among aquatic and marsh animals entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named frog in that encyclopedia, not toad as a separate shelf id and not a modern lab dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Serpent is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats snakes among venomous animals whose parts and antidotes enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named serpent in that encyclopedia, not hydra / Jörmungandr already walked elsewhere and not basilisk ash already filed.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Scorpion is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the scorpion among venomous creatures with sting and remedies entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named scorpion in that encyclopedia, not zodiac Scorpius alone and not a modern pest dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Lizard is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats lizards among small reptiles entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named lizard in that encyclopedia, not chameleon as the color-change marvel and not salamander as the fire-lore animal.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chameleon is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History gives the chameleon an extended natural-history and remedy treatment among strange land animals. A named chameleon in that encyclopedia, not a generic lizard and not a modern pet-color dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Salamander is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the salamander among animals of fire-lore and drug speech in Roman encyclopedic chapters. A named salamander in that encyclopedia, not a modern amphibian checklist alone and not a heraldic dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Owl is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats owls among birds whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named owl in that encyclopedia, not Athena’s bird already walked and not folklore omen edges alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Eagle is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the eagle among birds with gall and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named eagle in that encyclopedia, not Pausanias sanctuary speech already walked and not aetites the eaglestone as the mineral already filed.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Vulture is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the vulture among birds whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named vulture in that encyclopedia, not an Egyptian Nekhbet dump without that deity id and not a modern scavenger slogan alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chicken is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the domestic fowl among birds with eggs, fat, and other products entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named chicken in that encyclopedia, not a cockfight dump alone and not a zodiac dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Dove is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats doves and pigeons among birds entering Roman pharmacological and household speech. A named dove in that encyclopedia, not a Christian peace-slogan dump and not Aphrodite sacred_to mint here.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Spider is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats spiders among insects and small creatures entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named spider in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Arachne already walked and not a modern tarantula flatten alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Ant is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats ants among insects in Roman natural-history and related remedy speech. A named ant in that encyclopedia, not a modern hive-metaphor dump and not a termite flatten.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oyster is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats oysters among shellfish with flesh and pearl-bearing speech entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological chapters. A named oyster in that encyclopedia, not pearl as the gem already walked and not a modern restaurant dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cuttlefish is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the cuttlefish among marine animals with ink and flesh entering Roman pharmacological and craft speech. A named cuttlefish in that encyclopedia, not octopus or squid as neighboring shelf ids and not a modern calamari dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Crab is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats crabs among shellfish entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named crab in that encyclopedia, not lobster as a separate shelf id and not a zodiac Cancer flatten alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Eel is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats eels among fish entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological speech. A named eel in that encyclopedia, not moray as a separate shelf id and not a modern sushi dump.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Fish is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats fish as a class among aquatic animals with flesh and other products entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological books. A named fish class in that encyclopedia, not a single species dump and not ichthys as a Christian slogan alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Whale is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats whales among great marine animals entering Roman natural-history and related product speech. A named whale in that encyclopedia, not dolphin as the smaller cetacean already walked and not a modern whaling dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    color · 21

    • Dragon's blood is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists dragon’s-blood resin among astringent drugs. First-century pharmacological use of the red resin, not mineral cinnabar already walked and not a fantasy dragon-blood slogan.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Egyptian blue is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats Egyptian blue frit among artificial blues of painting and related arts. A Roman-era material use of Egyptian blue, not azurite as the copper mineral already filed and not ultramarine as later lapis paint.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Carmine is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats deep insect reds among dye and pigment speech. A Roman-era dye use of carmine-red, not cochineal as the New World scale already filed and not kermes as the Old World neighbor alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Crimson is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats deep crimson reds among dye speech. A Roman-era dye-color name, not red-ochre as earth pigment and not Tyrian purple as the murex dye already filed.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Kermes is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats coccum/kermes among materials that enter pharmacological as well as dye speech. A named kermes pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not kermes dye already walked and not cochineal as the New World scale.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Madder is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats madder root among dye plants that also enter pharmacological preparations. A named madder pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not madder-dye-pliny already walked and not kermes as the insect crimson alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sinopia is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats sinopia red-earth among pigments that also enter pharmacological speech. A named sinopia pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not sinopia dye already walked and not red-ochre as the neighboring iron-earth alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Violet is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists violet (ἴον) among cooling flower drugs and garland herbs entering pharmacy. A named violet in that handbook, not a florist catalog dump and not iris as the rhizome drug already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sumac is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists sumac (ῥοῦς) among astringent leaf and fruit drugs for flux and ulcer speech. A named sumac in that handbook, not a spice-sumac food dump alone and not oak-gall as the neighboring tannin already filed beside it.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Alkanet is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists alkanet / anchusa (ἄγχουσα) root among astringent and coloring drugs used on skin and in compounds. A named alkanet in that handbook, not madder as the neighboring red dye-root and not a bare cosmetics dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Safflower is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists safflower / knēkos (κνῆκος) among warming seed and flower drugs beside its dye use. A named safflower in that handbook, not saffron as the crocus thread already walked and not weld as the yellow cloth dye.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Henna is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cyprus / henna (κύπρος) leaf among astringent and aromatic drugs as well as scent preparations. A named henna in that handbook, not turmeric as a later yellow body-stain and not a mehndi fashion dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Weld is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists lutea / weld-neighborhood yellow weeds among plants with secondary drug speech beside dye use. A named weld in that handbook, not saffron as the costly stigma already walked and not weld-dye-pliny as a second copy of the cloth claim.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Indigo is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists indicum (ἰνδικόν) among imported blue materials that enter drug compounds as well as coloring craft. A named indigo in that handbook, not indigo-dye as the cloth claim already stored and not woad as the European leaf-blue already walked in Dioscorides pharmacy.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Cutch is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists lycium / Asian astringent extracts among imported drug materials neighboring catechu-type tannins. A named cutch in that handbook neighborhood, not acacia as the Mediterranean gum-tree already walked and not a leather-tanning dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Kamala is used in Medicine.

      Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Kamala among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Kamala used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Buckthorn Bark is historically related to Medicine.

      In Hiscox's Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes, Buckthorn Bark is placed beside Medicine as concrete shop companions.

      from Gardner Dexter Hiscox (ed.) · Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes, 1914 (Gutenberg #53143; PD in the USA)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Gold is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 chapter 25 lists eight remedies derived from gold: applied to the wounded and to infants against sorcery, and used in compounded ash preparations for facial lichens and related afflictions. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not Ge Hong’s elixir ranking and not alchemical gold-as-goal.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    Roman religion

    • Misy is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 treats misy among yellow vitriolic copper earths used as astringent and related mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of misy, not attic-sil as the yellow ochre pigment and not orpiment as the arsenic yellow already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    Hellenic religion

    • Pomegranate Rind is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pomegranate (ῥόα) peel and rind among strongly astringent fruit-parts used for flux and related compounds, distinct from the whole fruit as food. A named pomegranate-rind in that handbook, not pomegranate as the already-walked plant medicine seat alone and not myrobalan as a different astringent fruit.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Myrobalan is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists myrobalans (μυροβάλανος) among imported astringent fruits used as drying and binding drugs in Greco-Roman pharmacy trade. A named myrobalan in that handbook, not oak-gall as the Mediterranean gall already walked, not sumac as the leaf tannin already walked, and not cutch as the λύκιον/catechu neighborhood already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    mineral · 12

    • Chrysocolla is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats chrysocolla among green copper minerals compounded in eye-salves and related plasters. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the copper silicate green, not malachite dust alone and not verdigris already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Gypsum is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats gypsum among mineral earths used in drying applications and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the sulfate earth, not chalk alone and not plaster as a building dump alone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Galena is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats galena and related lead ores among mineral drugs feeding lead preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the lead sulfide ore, not metallic lead alone and not white-lead cerussa.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Jasper is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats jasper among opaque stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the opaque silica stone, not agate alone and not bloodstone.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Aquamarine is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s beryl family speech includes sea-colored stones among remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of aquamarine, not beryl as the class alone and not azurite as copper blue.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chalcedony is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats chalcedony among translucent stones used in seals and remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chalcedony, not carnelian as the red chalcedony already filed and not agate.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Citrine is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s yellow quartz and citrine-neighbor stones appear among yellow gems of remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of citrine, not topaz dumps and not yellow-ochre as earth pigment.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Calcite is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats lime-spars and calcite neighbors among white stones of building and remedy. A Roman-era material use of calcite, not chalk as soft earth already filed and not gypsum as the plaster stone already met.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Sardonyx is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats sardonyx among layered red-and-white gems of seal and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sardonyx, not onyx alone and not sard as the red chalcedony neighbor.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Chrysoprase is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats chrysoprase among apple-green stones of gem and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chrysoprase, not emerald as the deep green already walked and not chrysocolla as the copper green already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Moss Agate is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats mossy and dendritic agate varieties among achates used in seals and related remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of moss-agate, not bare agate as the class already walked and not jasper as the opaque neighbor.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Zircon is historically related to Medicine.

      In Mollett's Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, Zircon and Medicine are named as companions in the same handbook speech.

      from J. W. Mollett · Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, 1883

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    material · 10

    • Mastic is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists mastic (σχῖνος / μαστίχη) among astringent resins chewed and compounded for stomach and spit-blood drugs. A named mastic in that handbook, not damar as a later varnish resin and not frankincense as the neighboring incense drug already walked.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Oak gall is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists oak-galls (κηκίς) among strongly astringent drugs for flux, ulcers, and related compounds. A named oak-gall in that handbook, not oak as the whole tree already seated in Pliny pharmacy and not iron-gall ink as a later writing craft alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Tragacanth is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists tragacanth (τραγάκανθα) gum among softening binders used in lozenges and eye compounds. A named tragacanth in that handbook, not gum arabic as the acacia gum beside it and not a modern pastel-binder dump alone.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Armenian bole is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History seats Armenian bole among astringent medicinal earths used in compounds and drying pastes. A Roman-era pharmacological use of armenian-bole, not bare bole-earth as the class and not red-ochre as the iron-earth pigment already walked.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Glair is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica uses egg white among cooling and binding vehicles in eye-salves and external compounds. A named glair in that handbook, not a manuscript-binder dump alone and not yolk as the fatty half.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Casein is used in Medicine.

      In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Casein is listed among the trade lemmas and sits with Medicine.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Silver leaf is historically related to Medicine.

      In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Silver leaf sits with Medicine in physic and receipt speech — named together on the working page.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Chestnut Bark is historically related to Medicine.

      In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Chestnut Bark is treated with Medicine; piece and peer stock share the entry.

      from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    • Imitation Leaf is historically related to Medicine.

      In Hiscox's Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes, Imitation Leaf and Medicine are named as companions in the same handbook speech.

      from Gardner Dexter Hiscox (ed.) · Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes, 1914 (Gutenberg #53143; PD in the USA)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    Hellenic religion

    • White bole is used in Medicine.

      Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica Book 5 medicinal-earth chapters treat pale/white earths and bole clays among astringent bolus drugs distinct by color from red and yellow earths. A named white-bole in that handbook speech under later English bole naming, not armenian-bole or red-bole-earth as already-walked red seats, not brown-bole or yellow-bole as the colored bole cuts already walked, and not paris-white as chalk whiting.

      from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    phenomenon · 5

    • First quarter is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History tracks moon quarters among phase speech tied to timing and remedies. A named first-quarter phase in that encyclopedia, not full-moon and not new-moon already filed.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Last quarter is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History tracks the waning quarter among moon-phase speech. A named last-quarter phase in that encyclopedia, not first-quarter and not full-moon.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Waxing is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the waxing moon among phase speech for timing. A named waxing growth in that encyclopedia, not waning and not full-moon.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Waning is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History treats the waning moon among phase speech for timing. A named waning lessening in that encyclopedia, not waxing and not new-moon.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    • Gibous is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History notes the swollen mid-phase of the moon among phase speech. A named gibbous shape in that encyclopedia, not full-moon and not crescent.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    concept · 3

    • Medicine is associated with Knowledge.

      A healing craft claims knowledge of what to do. Temple dream, herb, and later clinic disagree on the source of that knowledge.

      associated with · interpretive · culturally specific

    • Healing is connected to Medicine.

      Healing is the hope; medicine is an organized craft of that hope. They meet without being identical.

      connected to · interpretive · documented

    • Transformation is used in Medicine.

      Healing is a claimed change of state. Medicine takes transformation as its working hope — the body asked to become other than its wound, without promising Ovid’s catalogue or the alchemist’s cookery.

      from SHOE.BLUE · SHOE.BLUE, 2026

      used in · interpretive · modern interpretation

    tradition · 3

    Hellenic religion

    Buddhist traditions

    • Medicine appears in Buddhist traditions.

      Watson’s Lotus Sūtra seats the physician parable — medicine given when children refuse the cure — as a figure of the Buddha’s teaching. Medicine speech in that sūtra, not Asklepian temple craft alone and not a modern clinic dump.

      from Burton Watson (translation) · The Lotus Sutra, 1993 (this translation); Sanskrit/Chinese recensions much older

      appears in · sourced · documented

    Astrology

    • Medicine is used in Astrology.

      Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos reads bodily temperament and affliction among nativity outcomes that feed medical judgment. A named medicine craft meeting the art in that handbook, not Asklepios temple medicine alone and not a clinic dump.

      from Claudius Ptolemy · Tetrabiblos, c. 150 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    place · 2

    Hellenic religion

    • Medicine appears in Epidaurus.

      Epidaurus is an address of Greek religious medicine in Pausanias. The place keeps medicine from being only an abstract craft.

      from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

      appears in · sourced · documented

    • Infirmary is historically related to Medicine.

      In Philp's Enquire Within Upon Everything, Infirmary is treated with Medicine; piece and peer stock share the entry.

      from Robert Kemp Philp · Enquire Within Upon Everything, 1856 / later PD eds (Gutenberg #10766; PD in the USA)

      historically related to · sourced · documented

    being · 1

    • Basilisk is used in Medicine.

      Pliny’s Natural History lists basilisk remains among animal remedies: ash used against other venoms. A Roman encyclopedic drug-use of the king-serpent, not a cult appears_in and not an English cockatrice.

      from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    deity · 1

    Hellenic religion

    • Asklepios is used in Medicine.

      Temple sleep, offerings, and a named healing god are one Greek medical institution. Later clinics are another.

      from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

      used in · sourced · documented

    word · 1

    • Senna is used in Medicine.

      Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon seats Senna among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Senna used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

      from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)

      used in · sourced · documented

    sources