Source citation ledger
Greek Religion
Walter Burkert
book · 1977 German; 1985 English
Walter Burkert, Greek Religion.
Greek Religion
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Roman religion
Athena is a counterpart of Minerva.
Roman Minerva was interpreted as Athena’s counterpart. The identification is interpretatio, not a single goddess with two passports.
from Ovid · Metamorphoses, 8 CE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
counterpart of · sourced · culturally specific
Hellenic religion
Minerva is a counterpart of Athena.
The pairing is the same interpretatio read from the Greek side. Civic cults remain local.
from Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
counterpart of · sourced · culturally specific
Athena is glaukōpis in Homer, and later Athenian art gives her the owl. The epithet is a glance; the bird on coins is a civic sign, not a pan-European wisdom mascot.
from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form); Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
sacred to · sourced · documented
Athena is associated with Owl.
The same pairing read from the goddess. Burkert treats the owl as one of Athena’s animals in cult and image, not as a death-omen of later folklore.
from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form); Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
associated with · sourced · documented
The city bears her name and her temple on the Acropolis. Civic cult, not a generic mind-goddess of later essays.
from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
sacred to · sourced · documented
Athena is associated with Olive.
Athenian story makes the olive her gift in the contest for the city. A local aetiology of oil and prize, not every Mediterranean grove.
from Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
associated with · partially sourced · documented
Athena is connected to Delphi.
Athena is not Delphi’s owner; Apollo is. The two cults share a Greek world without sharing a priesthood.
from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Apollo, c. 7th–6th century BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
connected to · interpretive · culturally specific
Hera belongs to Hellenic religion.
Hera is a Greek goddess of Argos and of marriage in the poems. She is not a peacock-spirit of later India.
from Hesiod · Theogony, c. 700 BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
belongs to · sourced · documented
Athens belongs to Hellenic religion.
Athens is a Greek city of Athena’s cult. Philosophers later used the name as a mind; the cult is older than that metaphor.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
belongs to · sourced · documented
Athenian coins and the city’s goddess share the owl. Civic sign, not a death-cry.
from Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English; Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)
appears in · sourced · documented
Athena belongs to Hellenic religion.
Athena is a Greek goddess. Burkert’s synthesis is secondary; the hymns and epic are primary.
from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Athena, c. 7th–5th century BCE; Walter Burkert · Greek Religion, 1977 German; 1985 English
belongs to · sourced · documented