symbol
Square
A four-sided figure and a way of speaking about fairness or enclosure. Geometric square and moral “square” are not one symbol.
Hellenic religion
Square appears in Hellenic religion.
Pausanias describes square precincts and platforms among sanctuary plans. A named square form in that periegesis, not four as the number and not a cube as the solid.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE
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Square is used in Five.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, a brick five palms square is called pentadoron — five palms set that square brick module used in public buildings.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Square is used in Double.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, forums are laid out in the form of a square surrounded by spacious double colonnades — the square plan takes the double colonnade surround.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Square is used in Pair.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, one centres a pair of compasses in the middle of the fluting square, then describes a circle touching the square’s angles to set the channel contour — the pair of compasses works that square.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Brick is used in Square.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, a brick five palms square is called pentadoron and one four palms square tetradoron — the square palm-measure sizes those bricks for public and private building.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Three hundred is used in Square.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, the product of the meer sides is three hundred and forty-three square fathoms — square fathoms are the unit of that three-hundred-forty-three area.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Rectangle is used in Square.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, the long-meer rectangle illustration yields square-fathom area when sides are multiplied — the rectangle is measured into that square-fathom total.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Pentad is used in Square.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, a brick five palms square is called pentadoron — the square palm module defines that pentad brick.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
used in · sourced · documented
Tetrad is used in Square.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, a brick four palms square is called tetradoron — the square palm module defines that tetrad brick.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Fifth is used in Square.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, tin mixed with a fifth part of lead is cast in iron or wood forms among square-rod work — the fifth-part alloy feeds that cast.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Ninety is used in Square.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, multiplication of the meer sides gives the total number of square fathoms, exemplified as ninety-eight — square fathoms are what that ninety-band product counts.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Segment is used in Square.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, Doric fluting takes the contour of the segment formed by the circumference and the side of the square — segment-form is that square-based flute set-out.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Triangle is historically related to Square.
In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, triangular grooves made use of for square iron have for their profile an isosceles triangle slightly obtuse — the triangle shapes that square bar.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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sources
- Description of Greece · Pausanias
Pausanias, Description of Greece.
- De Architectura · Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation)
Vitruvius, The Ten Books on Architecture, trans. Morris Hicky Morgan (1914).
- De Re Metallica · Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation)
Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, trans. Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (1912).
- On Divers Arts · Theophilus Presbyter
Theophilus, On Divers Arts (De diversis artibus / Schedula diversarum artium).
- Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines · Andrew Ure
Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines.