place
Volcano
A vented mountain that issues lava, ash, or gas. Not mountain as bare height alone, and not crater as the bowl without the edifice.
Roman religion
Volcano appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats burning mountains — Etna and related fire-hills — among Book 2 earth marvels. A named volcano in that encyclopedia, not lava as the flowing fire-stone and not Vesuvius as a modern disaster brand alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Nahua tradition
Volcano appears in Nahua tradition.
Sahagún’s Florentine Codex records smoking mountains and volcanic peaks among Central Mexican landscape and omen speech — named volcanoes as dangerous heights. A colonial-era Nahua ethnographic attestation, not a pan-Mesoamerican essence and not an unfiltered pre-invasion voice.
from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
sources
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- Florentine Codex · Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators
Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain (Florentine Codex).