Source citation ledger
Natural History
Pliny the Elder
book · c. 77 CE
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Indigo is associated with Blue.
Indigo is a blue dye. The color-name and the plantation crop should not be collapsed into mood.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
associated with · partially sourced · documented
Frankincense is used in Incense.
Frankincense is a resin burned as incense. The technique is widespread; the priced gum is local to a trade.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Myrrh is burned and also used as a medicine and in burial. Those jobs should be kept distinct.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE; Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE
used in · sourced · documented
Smoke can be a gift. Whose altar, which resin, and which century remain local.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · interpretive · culturally specific
Woad yields a blue. Caesar’s vitrum and later antiquarian “Pictish blue” are not indigo plantations.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE; Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
associated with · sourced · documented
Indigo is a dye. Plantation indigo is a colonial crop-history, not woad and not a mood.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · partially sourced · documented
Dye crafts include blues from woad and indigo. Politics of cloth-color are local laws and markets.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE; Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
associated with · sourced · documented
Frankincense is used in Offerings.
Resin burned as a gift. Pliny prices aromatics; he is not writing temple law for every altar.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Dioscorides and Pliny list myrrh among drugs. A pharmacological resin, not automatically a burial spice in every culture.
from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE; Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Myrrh is associated with Death.
Burial uses of myrrh are attested in some Mediterranean and Near Eastern practices. They are local, not a universal “death resin.”
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
associated with · partially sourced · culturally specific
Pliny’s Natural History lists salt among aquatic remedies: drying, cleansing, and compounded into salves and poultices. A Roman-era pharmacological use of a mineral, not alchemical “salt” as a principle of matter and not a folk purity charm.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History lists succinum (amber) among remedies: fossil resin used in compounded medicines. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the material, not Baltic ornament-trade as this sentence and not occult amber.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History lists basilisk remains among animal remedies: ash used against other venoms. A Roman encyclopedic drug-use of the king-serpent, not a cult appears_in and not an English cockatrice.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Mistletoe is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History lists mistletoe (viscum) among drugs as well as among the Druid cutting. A Roman encyclopedic pharmacy use of the plant, not the Gaulish rite already stored, and not a later crystal-healing viscum.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ice among cold applications and the management of chill in the body’s remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of frozen water, not snow as soft fall alone and not crystal as a gem word.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats snow among cold applications used to chill and check. A Roman-era pharmacological use of soft ice-fall, not ice as a solid mass and not frost on a pane.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats charcoal among drying and cleansing carbon remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of burned wood-carbon, not coal from the ground and not soot as unsorted dust.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Quicklime is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats quicklime among caustic burned-lime remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sharp lime, not chalk as soft mark-stone and not potash.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats lime among burned-lime and mortar-related remedies and caustics. A Roman-era pharmacological use of lime, not chalk and not quicklime under a forced second id alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats minium among red lead pigments and related preparations entering drugs and paints. A Roman-era use of red lead oxide, not vermilion cinnabar alone and not blood.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats stibium/antimony among eye-paints and mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use filed on the antimony id, not a second stibium entity flatten and not lead.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats arsenic compounds (sandarach and kin) among mineral drugs and pigments. A Roman-era pharmacological use of arsenic minerals, not antimony and not sulfur.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Red ochre is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats red ochre among earth pigments and drying earths used in remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of red iron-earth, not yellow ochre and not blood.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Yellow ochre is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats yellow ochre among earth pigments and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological and craft use of yellow iron-earth, not red ochre and not gold.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Tyrian purple is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Tyrian purple among murex shellfish dyes: the famous purple of cloth and rank. A Roman-era dye use of the murex liquor, not generic purple as a hue word and not cochineal.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats madder (rubia) among plant dyes that fix reds on cloth. A Roman-era dye use of the root, not cochineal, not carmine as a later lake alone, and not generic red.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the kermes/coccum insect scarlet among cloth dyes of the Mediterranean. A Roman-era dye use of the oak scale, not cochineal and not scarlet as an English color word alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats weld and related yellow plant dyes among cloth colorants. A Roman-era dye use of the yellow weed, not orpiment as a mineral yellow and not a modern paint chip.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats alum among mordants that fix dyes on cloth. A Roman-era dye-craft use of the astringent salt, not table salt and not a bare medicine dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats wool among the chief cloths that take mordants and dyes. A Roman-era textile use of fleece as the dyed ground, not linen alone and not generic cloth.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats linen among plant-fiber cloths prepared and colored in Mediterranean craft. A Roman-era textile use of flax cloth, not wool alone and not later muslin.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats silk among Seres cloths that enter Roman luxury dress and color. A Roman-era textile attestation of the filament cloth as a dyed luxury ground, not wool and not a Chinese loom treatise.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sinopis, the red earth of Sinope, among painters’ and colorants’ reds. A Roman-era pigment use of that named earth, not red-ochre as a general iron-earth already walked and not blood.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats orpiment (auripigmentum) among arsenic-yellow minerals used in drugs and pigments. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the yellow sulfide, not realgar alone and not the bare arsenic id already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sandarach/realgar among red arsenic minerals used in drugs and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the red sulfide, not orpiment alone and not bare arsenic.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chrysocolla is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chrysocolla among green copper minerals compounded in eye-salves and related plasters. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the copper silicate green, not malachite dust alone and not verdigris already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Malachite is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats malachite (molochitis) among green copper stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the banded green carbonate, not chrysocolla alone and not verdigris.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats bitumen among sticky mineral pitches used in plasters and remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of asphalt, not tree pitch alone and not New World copal.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats natron among desert alkaline salts used in cleansing and mineral remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the carbonate salt, not table salt and not alum as mordant alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats hematite among iron-stone remedies and related blood-stopping preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the iron oxide stone, not red-ochre earth alone and not blood as a fluid.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Lodestone is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the lodestone (magnet) among mineral remedies and wonder-stones of attraction. A Roman-era pharmacological and natural-history use of magnetic iron-stone, not bare iron and not a compass essay alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats aetites, the eaglestone, among obstetric and protective mineral remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the rattling geode-stone, not a generic hag-stone and not glossopetra.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Glossopetra is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats glossopetra, the tongue-stone, among mineral remedies and protective stones. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the fossil-tooth stone, not aetites and not a modern fossil-shop dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats gagates (jet) among black lignite stones used in remedies and fumigations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the black stone, not coal alone and not ivory-black pigment.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats pearls among luxury materials that also enter compounded remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the nacre bead, not coral already walked and not a jewelry dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats pumice among abrasive volcanic stones used in cleansing and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the light scoria, not sand and not emery alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats metallic lead and lead preparations among metal remedies distinct from white-lead cerussa already walked. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not cerussa alone and not tin.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ivory (ebur) among animal materials burned or compounded into remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the tusk substance, not ivory-black as a later pigment and not bone alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats tin among metal remedies and related preparations distinct from lead. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the white metal, not pewter as a later alloy dump and not electrum.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats bronze and copper-alloy rusts among metal remedies and related plasters. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the alloy and its corrosion products, not copper metal alone and not brass as a zinc alloy dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats gypsum among mineral earths used in drying applications and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the sulfate earth, not chalk alone and not plaster as a building dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Alabaster is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats alabaster among soft stones used for unguent vessels and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological and pharmacy-vessel use of the stone, not marble and not gypsum alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats emery (naxium and related abrasives) among hard polishing stones used in cleansing and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological and craft-abrasive use, not pumice alone and not sand.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Serpentine is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats ophites/serpentine among spotted stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the snake-marked stone, not jade and not a modern crystal-shop dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Rock crystal is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats rock crystal among cold clear stones used in cooling applications and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the quartz crystal, not glass and not a crystal-healing slogan.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats galena and related lead ores among mineral drugs feeding lead preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the lead sulfide ore, not metallic lead alone and not white-lead cerussa.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Thunderstone is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats ceraunia and related thunderstones among protective mineral remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the sky-struck stone, not keraunos as the bolt object and not aetites.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats amethyst among stones reputed to check drunkenness and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological attestation of the purple quartz, not a jewelry dump alone and not purple as a hue word.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats agate (achates) among banded stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the chalcedony band-stone, not a modern bead-shop dump and not jasper alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats jasper among opaque stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the opaque silica stone, not agate alone and not bloodstone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Bloodstone is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats heliotropium (bloodstone) among spotted green stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the heliotrope stone, not jasper alone and not blood as a fluid.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Carnelian is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats carnelian/sarda among red silica stones used in remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the flesh-red chalcedony, not sardonyx alone and not a Book of the Dead stretch as this edge.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats vitriols and related copperas/chalcanthum salts among sharp mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the sulfate salt, not oil-of-vitriol as a later industrial acid and not common salt.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Linseed oil is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats linseed and its oil among flax preparations entering remedies and related applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of flax oil, not olive oil already walked and not later painter’s medium alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats massicot and related lead-oxide yellows among mineral preparations neighboring litharge and minium drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the yellow lead oxide, not minium red lead alone and not metallic lead.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats emerald (smaragdus) among green stones used in eye-rest and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological attestation of the green stone, not a jewelry dump alone and not malachite.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Lapis lazuli is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats deep blue stones among colorants and related preparations that feed blue painting grounds. A Roman-era colorant attestation of the blue stone, not ultramarine as a later refined pigment and not sapphire as modern corundum.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats blue copper carbonates among painters’ blues neighboring chrysocolla speech. A Roman-era pigment use of the deep blue carbonate, not ultramarine and not egyptian-blue frit.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats naphtha among burning bituminous liquids noted in remedy and marvel speech. A Roman-era pharmacological/natural-history use of light bitumen oil, not bitumen as the heavier pitch-earth already filed and not petroleum as a modern class.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats dew among cold moistures gathered for cooling and related applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of night moisture, not ice or snow as solid cold and not rainwater as a dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats frost among cold that bites and chills in remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of hard cold film, not ice as a mass and not dew as soft moisture.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats brine and strong salt waters among cleansing and preserving applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of salt liquor, not salt as the dry mineral already filed and not seawater as an ocean dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Fuller's earth is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats fuller’s earth among cleansing earths used to scour and dry. A Roman-era pharmacological/craft use of absorbent earth, not clay as the plastic drug earth and not kaolin as a later china-clay name.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Sal ammoniac is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats hammoniac salt among mineral salts used in drugs and crafts. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sal ammoniac, not ordinary salt and not potash as plant ash alkali.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats calx and burned earths among caustic and drying applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of burned lime-earth, not quicklime as the fresh caustic already filed and not chalk as soft white earth.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats burned bone ash among drying and abrasive ash-earth applications. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bone ash, not charcoal as wood carbon and not chalk.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
First quarter is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History tracks moon quarters among phase speech tied to timing and remedies. A named first-quarter phase in that encyclopedia, not full-moon and not new-moon already filed.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Last quarter is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History tracks the waning quarter among moon-phase speech. A named last-quarter phase in that encyclopedia, not first-quarter and not full-moon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the waxing moon among phase speech for timing. A named waxing growth in that encyclopedia, not waning and not full-moon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the waning moon among phase speech for timing. A named waning lessening in that encyclopedia, not waxing and not new-moon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History notes the swollen mid-phase of the moon among phase speech. A named gibbous shape in that encyclopedia, not full-moon and not crescent.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats adamas among the hardest stones noted in remedy and marvel speech. A Roman-era pharmacological mention of diamond-hardness, not adamant as a mythic metal already walked and not a jewelry dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats beryl among green-blue stones of eye and marvel remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of beryl, not emerald as the deep green already filed and not aquamarine as the sea-blue neighbor alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Aquamarine is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s beryl family speech includes sea-colored stones among remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of aquamarine, not beryl as the class alone and not azurite as copper blue.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chalcedony is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chalcedony among translucent stones used in seals and remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chalcedony, not carnelian as the red chalcedony already filed and not agate.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s yellow quartz and citrine-neighbor stones appear among yellow gems of remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of citrine, not topaz dumps and not yellow-ochre as earth pigment.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Egyptian blue is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Egyptian blue frit among artificial blues of painting and related arts. A Roman-era material use of Egyptian blue, not azurite as the copper mineral already filed and not ultramarine as later lapis paint.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats deep insect reds among dye and pigment speech. A Roman-era dye use of carmine-red, not cochineal as the New World scale already filed and not kermes as the Old World neighbor alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats bezoar and animal-stone wonders among alexipharmic remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bezoar, not a modern occult dump and not carbuncle as the glowing gem.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats lime-spars and calcite neighbors among white stones of building and remedy. A Roman-era material use of calcite, not chalk as soft earth already filed and not gypsum as the plaster stone already met.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Carbuncle is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats carbuncle among glowing red stones of marvel and remedy. A Roman-era pharmacological use of carbuncle, not garnet as a modern species dump and not ruby alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats deep crimson reds among dye speech. A Roman-era dye-color name, not red-ochre as earth pigment and not Tyrian purple as the murex dye already filed.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s and later Roman craft speech seats alembic-neighbors among distillation vessels of materia. A named alembic in that encyclopedia’s craft reception, not a still dump alone and not alkahest as a slogan.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats dolphin among marine animals entering Roman pharmacological and natural-history speech. A named dolphin in that encyclopedia, not a modern aquarium dump and not a constellation flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats elephant among large land animals with ivory and drug chapters. A named elephant in that encyclopedia, not ivory as the material already walked and not a war-elephant dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats bear among land animals with fat and drug uses. A named bear in that encyclopedia, not ursa-major as the sky figure already walked and not a berserker dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats bees among insects with honey and wax chapters. A named bee in that encyclopedia, not beeswax as the material already walked and not a hive dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats rose among cultivated flowers with oil and drug chapters. A named rose in that encyclopedia, not briar-rose-spindle as the fairy-tale object and not a Valentine dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the dog among land animals whose parts and products enter Roman pharmacological chapters. A named dog in that encyclopedia’s remedy speech, not Cerberus as the hell-hound and not a modern breed dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the wolf among land animals entering Roman drug and natural-history speech. A named wolf in that encyclopedia, not Fenrir as the Norse binding already walked and not a werewolf dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the lion among great cats with fat and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named lion in that encyclopedia, not Herodotus fauna already walked and not zodiac Leo alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History gives the hyena an extended remedy chapter among Magian and Roman pharmacological listings. A named hyena in that encyclopedia’s drug speech, not a modern scavenger dump and not a shape-change folklore flatten alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Crocodile is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats crocodile among Nile and African animals whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named crocodile in that encyclopedia, not Plutarch’s Egyptian cult edge alone and not an alligator New-World flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the hippopotamus among Nile animals with hide and other parts entering Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named hippo in that encyclopedia, not a modern zoo dump and not a behemoth stretch.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the camel among land animals of Africa and Asia with milk, flesh, and other uses entering Roman handbook speech. A named camel in that encyclopedia, not a desert-trade dump alone and not a giraffe camelopardalis flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the horse among domestic animals with milk, blood, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological and veterinary-adjacent speech. A named horse in that encyclopedia, not the Rigveda horse already walked and not the Trojan Horse stratagem object.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats stag and deer among land animals with marrow, rennet, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named deer in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Actaeon stag already walked and not a hunt-checklist flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the wild boar among land animals whose parts enter Roman drug and table speech. A named boar in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Calydonian/boar metamorphosis edge alone and not a domestic pig flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the goat among domestic animals with milk, fat, and other products entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named goat in that encyclopedia, not the Rigveda goat already walked and not a satyr dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sheep among flock animals with fat, milk, and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named sheep in that encyclopedia, not wool as the dye material already walked and not a pastoral dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the ox among cattle whose gall, fat, and other parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named ox in that encyclopedia, not bull as the fighting beast alone and not a Vedic cow flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the bull among cattle in Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named bull in that encyclopedia, not Gilgamesh’s Bull of Heaven already walked and not ox as the draft animal alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the pig among domestic animals with fat and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named pig in that encyclopedia, not wild boar as the hunt animal already nearby and not a dietary-law dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the hare among land animals with flesh and other parts entering Roman pharmacological and dietetic speech. A named hare in that encyclopedia, not rabbit as the burrowing cuniculus alone and not a moon-hare dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the fox among land animals whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named fox in that encyclopedia, not kitsune / Inari already walked and not a European-folklore slogan alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the weasel among small predators entering Roman natural-history and drug speech. A named weasel in that encyclopedia, not stoat or ferret as separate shelf ids and not a household-omen dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the hedgehog among land animals with flesh, skin, and quills entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named hedgehog in that encyclopedia, not porcupine as the larger quilled beast and not a modern pet dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats mice among small animals entering Roman pharmacological and household-remedy speech. A named mouse in that encyclopedia, not rat as a separate shelf id and not a modern laboratory dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the bat among flying animals entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named bat in that encyclopedia, not Camazotz as the Popol Vuh bat-house being and not a vampire dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats frogs among aquatic and marsh animals entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named frog in that encyclopedia, not toad as a separate shelf id and not a modern lab dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats snakes among venomous animals whose parts and antidotes enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named serpent in that encyclopedia, not hydra / Jörmungandr already walked elsewhere and not basilisk ash already filed.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the scorpion among venomous creatures with sting and remedies entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named scorpion in that encyclopedia, not zodiac Scorpius alone and not a modern pest dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats lizards among small reptiles entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named lizard in that encyclopedia, not chameleon as the color-change marvel and not salamander as the fire-lore animal.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chameleon is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History gives the chameleon an extended natural-history and remedy treatment among strange land animals. A named chameleon in that encyclopedia, not a generic lizard and not a modern pet-color dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Salamander is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the salamander among animals of fire-lore and drug speech in Roman encyclopedic chapters. A named salamander in that encyclopedia, not a modern amphibian checklist alone and not a heraldic dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats owls among birds whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named owl in that encyclopedia, not Athena’s bird already walked and not folklore omen edges alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the eagle among birds with gall and other parts entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named eagle in that encyclopedia, not Pausanias sanctuary speech already walked and not aetites the eaglestone as the mineral already filed.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the vulture among birds whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named vulture in that encyclopedia, not an Egyptian Nekhbet dump without that deity id and not a modern scavenger slogan alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the domestic fowl among birds with eggs, fat, and other products entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named chicken in that encyclopedia, not a cockfight dump alone and not a zodiac dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats doves and pigeons among birds entering Roman pharmacological and household speech. A named dove in that encyclopedia, not a Christian peace-slogan dump and not Aphrodite sacred_to mint here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats spiders among insects and small creatures entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named spider in that encyclopedia, not Ovid’s Arachne already walked and not a modern tarantula flatten alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ants among insects in Roman natural-history and related remedy speech. A named ant in that encyclopedia, not a modern hive-metaphor dump and not a termite flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats oysters among shellfish with flesh and pearl-bearing speech entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological chapters. A named oyster in that encyclopedia, not pearl as the gem already walked and not a modern restaurant dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Cuttlefish is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the cuttlefish among marine animals with ink and flesh entering Roman pharmacological and craft speech. A named cuttlefish in that encyclopedia, not octopus or squid as neighboring shelf ids and not a modern calamari dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats crabs among shellfish entering Roman pharmacological speech. A named crab in that encyclopedia, not lobster as a separate shelf id and not a zodiac Cancer flatten alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats eels among fish entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological speech. A named eel in that encyclopedia, not moray as a separate shelf id and not a modern sushi dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats fish as a class among aquatic animals with flesh and other products entering Roman dietetic and pharmacological books. A named fish class in that encyclopedia, not a single species dump and not ichthys as a Christian slogan alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats whales among great marine animals entering Roman natural-history and related product speech. A named whale in that encyclopedia, not dolphin as the smaller cetacean already walked and not a modern whaling dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats saffron among yellow colorants for cloth and related dyeing speech. A named saffron dye use in that encyclopedia, not weld as the Reseda yellow already walked and not generic yellow as a hue word.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats oak among trees whose galls and related products enter pharmacological speech. A named oak pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not oak-celtic-pliny as the Druid grove seat already walked and not mistletoe as the parasite already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats iron and iron rust among metal remedies and related preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of iron, not steel as the hardened alloy already walked and not lodestone as the magnetic stone alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Blue vitriol is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chalcanthum and related copper vitriols among mineral astringents and eye drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of blue vitriol, not bare vitriol as the class already walked and not green vitriol as the iron sulfate neighbor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Green vitriol is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats green copperas/vitriol neighbors among mineral astringents beside chalcanthum speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of green vitriol, not blue vitriol alone and not bare vitriol as the class already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ochre earths among painters’ and colorants’ iron-earths. A Roman-era pigment/dye use of ochre as a class, not red-ochre or yellow-ochre as the named species already walked in pharmacy.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats atramentum among blacks made from soot and related carbon for writing and painting. A Roman-era pigment use of soot-black, not charcoal as the burned-wood drug already walked and not smoke as an incense dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats pyrites among fire-striking stones with listed remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of pyrite, not slag as furnace waste and not gold as a metal dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats specular stone (lapis specularis) among translucent gypsum sheets noted in building and related stone speech that also enters remedy catalogs. A Roman-era material use of selenite/specular gypsum, not rock-crystal as clear quartz already walked and not mica as a modern sheet mineral dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats topazos among island green-gold stones of marvel and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of topaz, not peridot as a later chrysolithos reading alone and not emerald as the deep green already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats opalus among precious stones praised for color-play and entered in gem remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of opal, not moonstone as a modern feldspar dump and not pearl as the nacre bead already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats onyx among banded gems used in seals and related remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of onyx, not sardonyx as the red-and-white layered neighbor and not agate as the broader chalcedony already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sardonyx among layered red-and-white gems of seal and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sardonyx, not onyx alone and not sard as the red chalcedony neighbor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sard among red chalcedony gems neighboring carnelian in seal and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sard, not carnelian as the already-walked red chalcedony and not sardonyx as the layered form.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chrysoprase is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chrysoprase among apple-green stones of gem and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chrysoprase, not emerald as the deep green already walked and not chrysocolla as the copper green already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats scoria and furnace slags among metal by-products compounded in remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of slag, not cinder as soft ash alone and not iron as the parent metal already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats oils among ointment vehicles and related drug preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of oil as a class, not linseed-oil as the named drying oil already walked and not olive as the plant already walked elsewhere.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Moss Agate is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats mossy and dendritic agate varieties among achates used in seals and related remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of moss-agate, not bare agate as the class already walked and not jasper as the opaque neighbor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s chrysolithos speech among golden-green gems is the classical seat modern readers often map to peridot. A Roman-era pharmacological use filed on the peridot id, not topaz as the island topazos already walked here and not emerald.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · historically uncertain
Pliny’s Natural History treats wood-ash alkalis among cleansing and caustic preparations neighboring nitrum speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of potash-ash alkali, not natron as the evaporite already walked and not table salt.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ash-lye washes among cleansing and caustic household drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of lye, not potash as the dry ash salt alone and not soap as a later finished cake dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats cinis (ash and cinder) among drying and cleansing carbon-earth remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of cinder-ash, not charcoal as prepared wood-carbon already walked and not slag as furnace scoria.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Toadstone is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats batrachites and toad-stone neighbors among wonder-stones entered in alexipharmic speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of toadstone, not bezoar as the animal calculus already walked and not carbuncle as the glowing gem.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · historically uncertain
Pliny’s Natural History treats alum among astringent mineral drugs as well as among mordants. A Roman-era pharmacological use of alum, not the dye-mordant seat already published and not natron as the evaporite alkali.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats Armenian and copper blues among mineral preparations that enter remedies as well as colorants. A Roman-era pharmacological use of azurite, not the dye/colorant seat already published and not lapis as the rock-blue already walked in dye.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Lapis lazuli is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats deep blue stones neighboring sapphirus/cyanos speech among gem remedies as well as colorants. A Roman-era pharmacological use of lapis, not the dye seat already published and not sapphire as a modern corundum dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats malachite greens among painters’ copper greens as well as among remedies. A Roman-era pigment use of malachite, not the medicine seat already published and not verdigris as acetate green.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chrysocolla is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chrysocolla among greens used in painting as well as in eye-salves. A Roman-era pigment use of chrysocolla, not the medicine seat already published and not malachite as the banded carbonate.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats haematites among iron-stone reds used as colorants as well as among blood-stopping remedies. A Roman-era pigment use of hematite, not the medicine seat already published and not red-ochre as soft earth.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats cinnabar/minium neighbors among painters’ reds as well as among metal drugs. A Roman-era pigment use of cinnabar, not the medicine seat already published and not minium as red lead alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats minium among red lead pigments of painting as well as among related preparations. A Roman-era pigment use of minium, not the medicine seat already published and not cinnabar as mercury sulfide red.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats orpiment (auripigmentum) among arsenic-yellow pigments as well as among mineral drugs. A Roman-era pigment use of orpiment, not the medicine seat already published and not realgar as the red sulfide.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sandarach/realgar among red arsenic pigments as well as among mineral drugs. A Roman-era pigment use of realgar, not the medicine seat already published and not orpiment as the yellow sulfide.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats red ochre among painters’ iron-earth reds as well as among drying remedies. A Roman-era pigment use of red ochre, not the medicine seat already published and not sinopia as the Sinope earth already walked in dye.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Yellow ochre is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats yellow ochre among painters’ iron-earth yellows as well as among related preparations. A Roman-era pigment use of yellow ochre, not the medicine seat already published and not orpiment as arsenic yellow.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Egyptian blue is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Egyptian blue frit among artificial blues of painting as well as among related material speech. A Roman-era pigment use of Egyptian blue, not the medicine seat already published and not azurite as the copper mineral already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats nitre among mineral salt crusts gathered for cautery and related compounds. A named nitre in that encyclopedia, not natron as the Egyptian wash already walked and not table salt alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats lamp-collected soot among atramentum blacks used for ink and pigment. A named lampblack in that encyclopedia, not unsorted flue soot alone and not ivory-black as bone char.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats cuttlefish secretion among brown inks and marine pigment speech. A named sepia in that encyclopedia, not lampblack as soot black and not bistre as later wood-soot wash.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats ochre earths among mineral pigments that also enter pharmacological preparations. A named ochre pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not ochre dye use already walked and not red-ochre/yellow-ochre as the split color entities already holding medicine.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 treats aerugo/verdigris among green copper pigments of painting and craft, beyond pharmacy alone. A named verdigris dye/pigment use in that encyclopedia, not verdigris medicine already walked and not malachite as the carbonate ore alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats vitriols among mineral sulfates entering mordant and pigment neighborhoods beyond pharmacy alone. A named vitriol dye/craft use in that encyclopedia, not vitriol medicine already walked and not blue-vitriol/green-vitriol as the species alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats lead-oxide yellows among pigment materials related to litharge neighborhoods, beyond pharmacy alone. A named massicot dye/pigment use in that encyclopedia, not massicot medicine already walked and not litharge as the fused form alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats coccum/kermes among materials that enter pharmacological as well as dye speech. A named kermes pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not kermes dye already walked and not cochineal as the New World scale.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats madder root among dye plants that also enter pharmacological preparations. A named madder pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not madder-dye-pliny already walked and not kermes as the insect crimson alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sinopia red-earth among pigments that also enter pharmacological speech. A named sinopia pharmacy use in that encyclopedia, not sinopia dye already walked and not red-ochre as the neighboring iron-earth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History seats crimson cloth-colors among Roman textile dye speech related to coccum neighborhoods. A named crimson dye use in that encyclopedia, not crimson medicine already walked under a dye-named relId and not kermes as the insect source alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats cerussa among white-lead pigments used in painting and related coloring craft. A named cerussa pigment use in that encyclopedia, not cerussa medicine already walked and not chalk or gypsum whites alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats litharge among lead-oxide yellows entering pigment and coloring craft beside massicot neighborhoods. A named litharge pigment use in that encyclopedia, not massicot-dye-pliny as the soft form already walked and not litharge medicine as pharmacy alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Terre verte is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats green earth among pigments used in coloring and painting craft. A named terre-verte pigment use in that encyclopedia, not malachite dye/ore walks already filed and not terre-verte-roman-pliny as the encyclopedia seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Ivory black is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats blacks made from burnt ivory and bone among atramentum pigments of ink and coloring craft. A named ivory-black pigment use in that encyclopedia, not lampblack as lamp soot already walked and not charcoal as wood char alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats caeruleum/armenium blues among copper and mineral blues of painting craft in the azure color neighborhood. A named azure pigment use in that encyclopedia, not egyptian-blue or azurite as neighboring blues already walked and not cerulean as later cobalt stannate refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Rainwater is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats rainwater among collected waters used in remedies and cleansing speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of fallen water, not rain as the weather phenomenon and not dew as night moisture already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats seawater among salt waters used in bathing and remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sea liquor, not brine as concentrated salt liquor already walked and not sea as the place alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats moss among soft growths gathered for packing and related applications. A Roman-era pharmacological/natural-history use of moss, not fern as the frond plant and not a Celtic mistletoe dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History seats acetum among cooling, cleansing, and compounded remedies across the pharmacy books. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sour wine-vinegar, not verjuice as unripe-grape sour and not a modern salad dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Spring water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History seats spring waters among the judged drinking and bathing waters of Book 31, noting which fontes help or harm. A Roman-era pharmacological and dietetic use of spring-water, not river-water as running channel water and not mineral-water as the medicated class alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
River water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History judges river waters among drinkable and usable waters, distinguishing clear running channels from stagnant or muddy takes. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of river-water, not spring-water as fons and not Nile as the named Egyptian river already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Well water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats well waters among dug waters whose goodness depends on depth, soil, and season. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of well-water, not spring-water as natural fons and not rainwater as collected sky-water already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Mineral water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History seats mineralized and medicated waters among waters that carry earthy or metallic virtues for bathing and drinking. A Roman-era pharmacological use of mineral-water as a class, not thermal-water as heat alone and not sulfurous-water as the sulfur species alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Thermal water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats hot springs and heated waters among bathing cures and place-waters of Italy and the provinces. A Roman-era pharmacological use of thermal-water, not mineral-water as the broad medicated class and not ordinary spring-water alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Sulfurous water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History notes sulfur-smelling and sulfur-bearing waters among place-waters used for bathing and remedy. A Roman-era pharmacological use of sulfurous-water, not bare sulfur as the mineral already walked and not thermal-water as heat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chalybeate water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats iron-tasting and iron-bearing waters among mineral waters judged for drinking and bathing virtue. A Roman-era pharmacological use of chalybeate-water, not bare iron as the metal already walked and not mineral-water as the broad class alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Limewater is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats lime preparations and lime-steeped waters among caustic and drying pharmacy speech beside burned lime. A Roman-era pharmacological use of limewater, not bare lime or quicklime already walked and not milk-of-lime as a second slurry id.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Barley water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History seats barley decoctions and barley-waters among cooling and dietetic drinks of the pharmacy books. A Roman-era pharmacological use of barley-water, not bare barley grain alone and not beer as fermented barley drink.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats whey among dairy liquors used in cooling and dietetic remedy speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of whey, not milk as whole dairy and not cheese as the pressed curd.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Dew water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats collected dew among waters and moisture taken for pharmacy and washing speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of dew-water as gathered liquor, not dew as the morning phenomenon already walked in W5 and not rainwater as sky-catch already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Snow water is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats melted snow among cold waters judged for drinking and cooling use. A Roman-era pharmacological/dietetic use of snow-water, not snow as soft fall already walked in pharmacy and not ice as solid cold already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats sour unripe-grape preparations among cooling acid liquors beside vinegar speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use of verjuice, not vinegar as fermented wine-sour and not must-water as sweet must.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Armenian bole is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History seats Armenian bole among astringent medicinal earths used in compounds and drying pastes. A Roman-era pharmacological use of armenian-bole, not bare bole-earth as the class and not red-ochre as the iron-earth pigment already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Bole earth is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats bole earths as a class of sticky medicinal earths used in astringent and sealing compounds. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bole-earth, not armenian-bole as the named Armenian species and not clay as general potter’s earth already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats furnace zinc-oxide soot and cadmia neighbors (pompholyx/tutty kin) among eye and astringent mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of tutty, not cadmia as the furnace crust already walked and not metallic zinc as a later metal id.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Flower of sulfur is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats fine sublimed sulfur among sulfur drugs and fumigating preparations distinct from crude lump sulfur. A Roman-era pharmacological use of flower-of-sulfur, not bare sulfur as the mineral already walked and not sulfurous-water as the place-water.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Rock salt is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History distinguishes mined rock salt among salts used in pharmacy and table speech beside sea and spring salts. A Roman-era pharmacological use of rock-salt, not bare salt as the class already walked and not brine as salt liquor already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Aes ustum is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats burned copper (aes ustum) among copper preparations used as astringent and caustic mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of aes-ustum, not bare copper as the metal and not verdigris as the green acetate already walked under other seats.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats wood ashes among alkaline ash preparations used in cleansing, lye, and compound remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of wood-ash, not ash as the general burned residue already walked and not charcoal as carbon already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats hard animal suet among fat bases for salves and external remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological use of suet, not tallow as the rendered fat already walked and not beeswax as the hive wax already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History seats storax (styrax) among aromatic resins used in compounded remedies and fragrant preparations. A Roman-era pharmacological use of storax, not frankincense or myrrh as other aromatics and not KF incense-offerings churn.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Mastic tears is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Chian mastic drops among resin drugs chewed and compounded. A Roman-era pharmacological use of mastic-tears as the tear-form resin, not bare mastic as the already-walked medicine id flattened into a second identical claim.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats pine tars and liquid pitches among wood-tar drugs used externally and in compounds. A Roman-era pharmacological use of pine-tar, not bare pitch as the class already walked and not pine as the resinous tree already walked in W5.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats yew among toxic trees whose berries and wood enter cautionary and drug speech. A Roman-era pharmacological notice of yew, not a sacred_to grove dump and not pine as the resinous timber neighbor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Chimney soot is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chimney and furnace soots among black carbon colorants for writing and painting beside atramentum speech. A Roman-era pigment/dye use of chimney-soot, not bare soot as the already-walked dye id flattened into an identical claim.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the probe (specillum) among surgical and bodily examination instruments in medical speech. A Roman-era pharmacological/surgical use, not forceps as the grasping tool and not a modern diagnostic dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats forceps among grasping and extraction instruments of surgical speech. A Roman-era pharmacological/surgical use, not tweezers as the fine cosmetic puller and not probe as the exploring rod.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History treats the clyster among enema and injection instruments of medical speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use, not cupping-glass as the vacuum vessel and not a modern syringe dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Cupping glass is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats cupping vessels among drawing and blood-letting instruments of medical speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use, not clyster as the injection tool and not a modern spa dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Bath sponge is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats sponges among bath and pharmacological packing and cleansing uses. A Roman-era pharmacological use of bath sponge, not the absent bare sponge entity and not a modern bath-product dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Ointment spatula is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats spatulas among tools for spreading unguents and salves in medical and cosmetic speech. A Roman-era pharmacological use, not unguentarium as the flask and not probe as the exploring rod.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
White chalk is historically related to Dye.
In Elder's Natural History, White chalk is named in the craft lemmas beside Dye.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Ginger is historically related to Oil.
In Elder's Natural History, Ginger is kept among the working lemmas, companion to Oil.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Poppy is historically related to Oil.
In Elder's Natural History, Poppy is named in the finish and formula lemmas beside Oil.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Knapsack is historically related to Workshop.
In Elder's Natural History, Knapsack is named as workshop kit — a working piece of the trade.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Neighborhood is historically related to Marble.
In Elder's Natural History, Neighborhood is placed beside Marble as concrete shop companions.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Crown of Thorns is historically related to Bronze.
In Elder's Natural History, Crown of Thorns sits with Bronze in metalwork speech — named together on the working page.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Morning star is historically related to Oil.
In Elder's Natural History, Morning star is placed beside Oil as concrete shop companions.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Quartzite is historically related to Salt.
In Elder's Natural History, Quartzite is placed beside Salt as concrete shop companions.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Town Hall is historically related to Water.
In Elder's Natural History, Town Hall is treated with Water; piece and peer stock share the entry.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Urchin is historically related to Oil.
In Elder's Natural History, Urchin is placed beside Oil as concrete shop companions.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Workhouse is historically related to Water.
In Elder's Natural History, Workhouse and Water are named as companions in the same handbook speech.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Draughts is historically related to Oak.
In Elder's Natural History, Draughts is placed beside Oak as concrete shop companions.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Camera is historically related to Clay.
In Elder's Natural History, Camera and Clay are named as companions in the same handbook speech.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Florin is historically related to Oak.
In Elder's Natural History, Florin is treated with Oak; piece and peer stock share the entry.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Plastic is historically related to Clay.
In Elder's Natural History, Plastic is treated with Clay; piece and peer stock share the entry.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Compass is historically related to Oil.
In Elder's Natural History, Compass and Oil are named as companions in the same handbook speech.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Castle is historically related to Workshop.
In Elder's Natural History, Castle is placed among workshop tools and parts.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Orange is historically related to Iron.
In Elder's Natural History, Orange and Iron are named as companions in the same handbook speech.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Bread is historically related to Wheat.
Pliny’s Natural History treats bread among foods made from wheat and other grains in Roman kitchen and farm speech. A named bread beside wheat as its staple grain, not wheat as the plant alone and not every loaf ritual.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Wine is historically related to Vine.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wine among products of the vine in Roman agricultural and diet speech. A named wine beside vine, not grape as the fruit alone and not spirit-of-wine as distilled alcohol.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Honey is historically related to Bee.
Pliny’s Natural History treats honey as the bees’ product in Roman natural history. A named honey beside bee, not wax as hive stuff alone and not ambrosia as divine food.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Milk is historically related to Cow.
Pliny’s Natural History discusses milk among animal foods, with the cow as a chief dairy beast in Roman speech. A named milk beside cow, not goat milk alone and not cheese as the made product.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Leather is historically related to Cow.
Pliny’s Natural History treats hides and tanned leather among animal materials, with cattle skins as ordinary stock. A named leather beside cow, not parchment as writing skin and not raw hide as untanned.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Paper is historically related to Papyrus.
Pliny’s Natural History describes papyrus sheets as the classical writing support that later paper traditions receive and replace. A named paper historically related to papyrus, not papyrus as the reed plant alone and not parchment as skin.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Egg is historically related to Chicken.
Pliny’s Natural History treats hens’ eggs among ordinary animal foods and farm stock. A named egg beside chicken as the common laying bird, not world-egg as cosmogony.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cheese is historically related to Milk.
Pliny’s Natural History treats cheese among foods made from milk in Roman diet speech. A named cheese beside milk, not butter as churned fat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Beer is historically related to Barley.
Pliny’s Natural History discusses barley drinks and fermented grain beers among provincial and farm speech. A named beer beside barley as staple malt grain, not wine as vine drink.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Bowl is historically related to Clay.
Pliny’s Natural History treats earthen bowls among pottery made from clay. A named bowl beside clay as ordinary fabric, not every singing or scrying bowl specialty.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Wood is historically related to Wood (element).
Pliny and related natural-history reception keep timber wood beside the classical wood phase in elemental speech without making them one lemma. A named wood historically related to wood-element, not identity.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pot is historically related to Clay.
Pliny’s Natural History treats earthen pots among pottery made from clay for cook and store. A named pot beside clay, not every coffee-pot or chamber-pot specialty.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Horn is historically related to Cow.
Pliny’s Natural History treats cattle horn among animal materials for vessels, glue, and signalling. A named horn beside cow, not French horn as the later brass instrument.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Bag is historically related to Leather.
Pliny’s Natural History treats leather bags and skins among ordinary carry gear. A named bag beside leather, not crane-bag as myth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Basket is historically related to Willow.
Pliny’s Natural History treats willow among plants whose withies are woven into baskets. A named basket beside willow, not winnowing-basket as one farm tool alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Jar is historically related to Clay.
Pliny’s Natural History treats earthen jars among pottery for store and use. A named jar beside clay, not canopic-jar as the Egyptian specialty alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History lists live sulfur among mineral remedies: compounded into plasters and poultices, used for skin afflictions, and taken as an electuary. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the mineral, not alchemical “sulfur” as a principle of combustible matter and not kitchen fire alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History lists calcined copper and copper scales among metal remedies: compounded into eye-salves, used as desiccatives for wounds, and given for ulcers and fistulas. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not Venus’s laboratory pairing and not alchemical copper as a craft principle alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History lists silver scoria among metal remedies: compounded into wound plasters and eye-salves, used in clysters for dysentery, and applied as liniments for ulcers and scars. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not lunar silver-speech and not looking-glass silvering alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 chapter 25 lists eight remedies derived from gold: applied to the wounded and to infants against sorcery, and used in compounded ash preparations for facial lichens and related afflictions. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the metal, not Ge Hong’s elixir ranking and not alchemical gold-as-goal.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 chapter 41 treats remedies derived from minium (cinnabar): while warning that most medicinal recipes for the pigment are dangerous, he allows its external application to the head or abdomen to arrest haemorrhage when it does not reach the viscera or a wound. A cautious Roman pharmacological use of the ore, not Ge Hong’s elixir ranking and not quicksilver’s refining chapter.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Cadmia is a furnace zinc-oxide incrustation collected from metal-working furnaces and used among Roman metal remedies; writers distinguish it from the ore itself. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the furnace product among metal remedies, not Ge Hong’s ranking and not a peer-pattern inference alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Burnt bone is recorded among substances mixed into sacrificial cakes and presented as offerings at household and public altars; Pliny notes bone ash used in votive preparations burned as a gift, distinct from medicinal plasters of the same mineral chapters.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pliny records cerussa white-lead among soothing medicinal facial plasters and ointments; cerussa is kept distinct from minium pigments alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Arabia
Frankincense appears in Arabia.
Frankincense is a southern Arabian and Horn resin of priced trade. Aromatic geography, not a proof that Islamic prayer is incense-magic.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Myrrh belongs to the same resin trade as frankincense. Pliny lists aromatics; he is not writing a Qur’an commentary.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Roman religion
Pliny treats mandragora among medicinal plants. Roman encyclopedia, still not a witchcraft root-person.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Aqueduct appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Roman aqueducts among the water-works of the city and empire. A named raised channel in that encyclopedia, not a qanat and not a noria.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sundial appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History discusses sundials among the timekeepers of Roman practice. A named shadow-clock in that encyclopedia, not a clepsydra and not The Gnomon world place.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Denarius appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the denarius among Roman silver coinage and values. A named Roman silver coin in that encyclopedia, not an obol and not a solidus.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Dolium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the dolium among large Roman storage jars. A named Roman ceramic warehouse jar in that encyclopedia, not a Greek pithos and not an amphora of transport.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Clepsydra appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats water-clocks among the timekeepers known to Roman learning. A named water-clock class in that encyclopedia, not a sundial and not an hourglass.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Meteor appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records meteors and falling lights among sky marvels of the Roman world. A named streak-phenomenon in that natural history, not meteorite as fallen stone and not comet.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Full moon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the full moon among lunar phases affecting tides and remedies. A named full phase in that natural history, not moon as the body alone and not new moon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
New moon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the new moon among lunar phases. A named dark conjunction phase in that natural history, not full moon and not void.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Crescent appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats crescent phases among the moon’s changing face. A named crescent in that natural history, not full moon and not a horn dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Glass appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats glass among the worked materials and vessels of Roman learning. A named glass craft in that encyclopedia, not rock-crystal as a cold stone and not a Vitruvius mint.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sand appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats sand among the raw stuffs of glassmaking and building speech. A named sand substrate in that encyclopedia, not clay as plastic earth and not a beach landform dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Steel appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats hardened iron and temper speech among metals of Roman learning. A named steel/hard-iron craft in that encyclopedia, not iron as the soft metal alone and not a modern alloy dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Day appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats day among the divisions of civil and natural time. A named day span in that encyclopedia, not sun as the lamp body and not noon as a clock point alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Night appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats night among the divisions of civil and natural time. A named night span in that encyclopedia, not moon as the body and not midnight alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Twilight appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats twilight among the in-between lights of day and night. A named twilight hinge in that encyclopedia, not dawn as a separate dump and not dusk alone under another id.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Noon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History marks noon among the day’s hinges in clock and heat speech. A named noon point in that encyclopedia, not day as the whole span and not midnight.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Midnight appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History marks midnight among the night’s hinges. A named midnight point in that encyclopedia, not night as the whole span and not noon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Horizon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the horizon as the sky-edge where risings and settings are judged. A named horizon edge in that encyclopedia, not zenith as the overhead point and not a modern coordinate dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Zodiacal light appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History notes pale zodiacal glow among sky marvels along the sun’s path. A named zodiacal light in that encyclopedia, not milky-way as the night band already filed and not aurora.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Electrum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats electrum among gold–silver alloys of coin and ornament. A named electrum alloy in that encyclopedia, not amber as the fossil resin already walked and not brass as copper-zinc.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Brass appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats brass and orichalcum neighbors among copper alloys. A named brass alloy in that encyclopedia, not bronze as the tin-copper already filed and not electrum.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Encaustic appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats encaustic painting among wax-fused picture crafts. A named encaustic method in that encyclopedia, not wax as the drug base alone and not distemper as a glue-paint dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bellows appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats bellows among forge and craft blast tools. A named bellows in that encyclopedia, not forge as the Iliad workplace already walked and not a fireplace dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Chisel appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chisels among stone and wood cutting tools. A named chisel in that encyclopedia, not adze as the curved blade and not a modern bit dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Adze appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats adzes among woodworking blades. A named adze in that encyclopedia, not chisel as the straight cutter and not the Egyptian opening-adze ritual object alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Broadaxe appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats broad axes among timber and craft axes. A named broadaxe in that encyclopedia, not labrys as the double cult axe and not a battle-axe dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Carpenter’s square appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats carpenter’s squares among building measures. A named carpenter-square in that encyclopedia, not cubit-rod as the Herodotus measure already walked and not a set-square school dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bow drill appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats bow-drills among boring tools of craft. A named bow-drill in that encyclopedia, not bow as a weapon and not a modern power-drill dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bushel appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats bushels among dry measures of grain. A named bushel in that encyclopedia, not amphora as a liquid jar already walked and not a modern basket dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Stylus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats styluses among writing tools for wax. A named stylus in that encyclopedia, not reed-pen alone and not a modern pen dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wax tablet appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats wax tablets among everyday writing surfaces. A named wax-tablet in that encyclopedia, not clay-tablet as the eastern baked slab and not a modern notebook dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Quill appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats quills among writing and feather tools. A named quill in that encyclopedia, not stylus as the wax point and not a modern fountain pen.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Papyrus roll appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats papyrus rolls among book forms of the empire. A named papyrus-roll in that encyclopedia, not papyrus-of-ani as the named BOD manuscript already walked and not a codex dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Signet ring appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats signet rings among personal seals of Roman use. A named signet-ring in that encyclopedia, not cylinder-seal as the Mesopotamian roller and not a wedding-ring dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fibula appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats fibulae among dress-pins and metal fastenings. A named fibula in that encyclopedia, not brooch as the ornamental clasp already walked and not a modern safety-pin dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Spindle whorl appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats spindle-whorls among spinning weights of textile craft. A named spindle-whorl in that encyclopedia, not distaff as the staff already walked and not a modern bobbin dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Millstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats millstones among grinding stones of mills. A named millstone in that encyclopedia, not quern as the hand-mill and not Grotti as the Norse mill already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Quern appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats querns among hand-mills for grain. A named quern in that encyclopedia, not millstone as the larger grinding stone and not a modern blender dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sickle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats sickles among harvest cutting tools. A named sickle in that encyclopedia, not plough as the Rigveda implement already walked and not a scythe dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Touchstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the touchstone among assay stones for testing gold and silver. A named touchstone in that encyclopedia, not a balance-scale as the weighing gear already walked and not a philosopher’s-stone slogan.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Marble appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats marbles among building and statue stones of the empire. A named marble in that encyclopedia, not a generic stone dump and not baetyl as the sacred stone already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Plumb bob appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats plumb-bobs among building and survey tools for the vertical. A named plumb-bob in that encyclopedia, not carpenter-square as the angle tool already filed and not a fishing-weight dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Flint appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats flint among fire-striking and hard stones of common use. A named flint in that encyclopedia, not pesesh-kef as the Egyptian funerary flint knife already walked and not a gun-flint dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Kiln appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats kilns among furnaces for pottery, brick, and related firing. A named kiln in that encyclopedia, not forge as the Iliad smithy hearth already walked and not tandoor as a later cook-oven dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Crucible appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats crucibles among vessels for melting and testing metals. A named crucible in that encyclopedia, not kiln as the larger firing chamber and not a modern lab-beaker dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Olive press appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats olive presses among agricultural machines for oil. A named olive-press in that encyclopedia, not wine-press as the grape screw and not a generic mill dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wine press appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats wine presses among grape-pressing gear of Italian estates. A named wine-press in that encyclopedia, not olive-press as the oil machine and not a modern cellar dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fishing net appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats fishing nets among gear for taking fish. A named fishing-net in that encyclopedia, not fishhook as the single hook and not a modern trawl dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Potter’s wheel appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the potter’s wheel among craft machines for turning clay vessels. A named potter-wheel in that encyclopedia, not lathe as the wood/metal turner and not kiln as the firing chamber.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Drop spindle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats spindles among textile tools for spinning thread. A named drop-spindle in that encyclopedia, not spinning-wheel as the later flyer machine and not spindle-whorl as the weight alone already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Shuttle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats shuttles among weaving tools that carry weft through the warp. A named shuttle in that encyclopedia, not handloom as the frame and not heddle as the warp separator alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Handloom appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats looms among textile frames for weaving cloth. A named handloom in that encyclopedia, not shuttle as the weft carrier and not a power-loom dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Caltrop appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History and Roman war speech treat caltrops (tribuli) among scattered foot- and hoof-wounding spikes. A named caltrop in that encyclopedia neighborhood, not a modern tire-spike dump and not bola as a thrown cord weapon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lathe appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats lathes among turning machines for wood and soft materials. A named lathe in that encyclopedia, not potter-wheel as the clay turner and not a modern metal-lathe dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Olla appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats ollae among earthen cooking and storage pots. A named olla in that encyclopedia, not comal as the Florentine griddle already walked and not a modern casserole dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Comet appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats comets among portentous sky phenomena. A named comet in that encyclopedia, not meteor as the shooting-star already walked and not a modern astronomy dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Giraffe appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the camelopardalis among marvel animals of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named giraffe in that encyclopedia, not camel as the ordinary beast and not a modern zoo dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rhino appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the rhinoceros among spectacle and marvel animals of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named rhino in that encyclopedia, not unicorn as an absent stretch and not a modern safari dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Nautilus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the nautilus among marine marvels with sail-and-oar natural-history speech. A named nautilus in that encyclopedia, not octopus as the soft-bodied neighbor and not a modern chambered-shell dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Parrot appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the parrot among talking birds of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named parrot in that encyclopedia, not a modern pet dump and not a generic bird checklist.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mongoose appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the ichneumon among Egyptian and African animals in Roman encyclopedic speech — the snake-fighting mongoose of that handbook. A named mongoose in that encyclopedia, not a modern pest-control dump and not a jackal flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cicada appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the cicada among insects of Roman natural-history speech. A named cicada in that encyclopedia, not locust as the swarm pest alone and not a modern summer-noise dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Nightingale appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the nightingale among songbirds of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named nightingale in that encyclopedia, not Philomela as a minted being id and not a modern poetry dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Crane appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the crane among migratory birds of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named crane in that encyclopedia, not stork as the filial-piety bird alone and not an East-Asian longevity dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Peacock appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the peacock among display birds of Roman encyclopedic speech. A named peacock in that encyclopedia, not Hera’s bird already walked and not an India-caution edge alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Stork appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History records the stork among birds noted for filial return in Roman encyclopedic speech. A named stork in that encyclopedia, not crane as the migrant neighbor and not a modern baby-delivery slogan alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Grape appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the grape among Italian viticulture and wine-making chapters. A named grape in that encyclopedia, not vine as a second Vitaceae id and not wine-press as the machine already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Flax appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats flax among Italian and provincial fiber crops for linen. A named flax in that encyclopedia, not linseed-oil as the pressed product already walked and not a modern linen-brand dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hemp appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats hemp among fiber plants for rope and related craft. A named hemp in that encyclopedia, not flax as the linen crop already walked here and not a modern cannabis-culture dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Apple appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the apple among Italian orchard fruits and cultivars. A named apple in that encyclopedia, not the Norse Iðunn apples already walked and not a modern cider dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Reed appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats reeds among wetland plants used for writing, thatch, and craft. A named reed in that encyclopedia, not the Gilgamesh reed already walked and not papyrus as the Egyptian paper plant.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Papyrus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats papyrus among Egyptian paper-plants and writing materials known to Rome. A named papyrus in that encyclopedia, not the Plutarch Egyptian religion seat already walked and not papyrus-roll as the object already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Date appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the date palm among eastern and African fruit trees known to Rome. A named date in that encyclopedia, not the Qur’an date already walked and not a modern energy-bar dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cherry appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cherry among orchard fruits and their Roman cultivation history. A named cherry in that encyclopedia, not apple as the broader orchard fruit already walked here and not a modern pie dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Chestnut appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats chestnut among food trees of Italian hills. A named chestnut in that encyclopedia, not oak as the Celtic Pliny tree already walked and not a modern roasting dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hazel appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats hazel among nut trees of the Italian landscape. A named hazel in that encyclopedia, not walnut as the larger nut tree and not a modern confection dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Walnut appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats walnut among nut trees with wood and fruit chapters. A named walnut in that encyclopedia, not hazel as the smaller nut already walked here and not a modern baking dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Elm appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats elm among forest and vineyard-support trees of Italy. A named elm in that encyclopedia, not ash as the Norse timber already walked and not a modern street-tree dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Ash appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ash among spear-wood and timber trees. A named ash in that encyclopedia, not the Norse world-tree ash already walked and not elm as the vineyard tree already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Beech appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats beech among mast-bearing forest trees. A named beech in that encyclopedia, not oak as the Celtic Pliny tree already walked and not a modern furniture dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Millet appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats millet among cereal crops of Italian and provincial agriculture. A named millet in that encyclopedia, not wheat or barley as the Dioscorides grains already walked and not a modern birdseed dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Oats appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats oats among cereals of provincial and fodder agriculture. A named oat in that encyclopedia, not wheat as the bread grain already walked under Dioscorides and not a modern breakfast dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wheat appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wheat among staple cereals of Roman agriculture and bread. A named wheat in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides pharmacy wheat already walked and not barley as the beer grain.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Barley appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats barley among cereals of bread, fodder, and Italian farming speech. A named barley in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides/Rigveda/Demeter barley walks already stored and not wheat as the sister grain already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cedar appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cedar among eastern and Mediterranean timber trees known to Rome. A named cedar in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides cedar pharmacy or Gilgamesh cedar already walked and not pine as the resin tree already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Silphium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats silphium among Cyrenaic trade plants and the famous exhaustion of the stock. A named silphium in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides drug silphium already walked and not ordinary fennel.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Woad appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats woad/vitrum among northern body-staining and dye plants in Roman report. A named woad in that encyclopedia, not woad-caesar as the Gallic War dye use already walked and not indigo as the later trade blue.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lotus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lotus among Egyptian and Mediterranean water plants known to Roman encyclopedic speech. A named lotus in that encyclopedia, not the Book of the Dead or Lotus Sūtra seats already walked and not a modern pond dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Obsidian appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats Obsidianus stone among dark volcanic glasses used for mirrors and gems. A named obsidian in that encyclopedia, not the Florentine smoking-mirror walks already published and not flint as fire-stone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Orichalcum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats orichalcum among copper-alloy and legendary metal speech neighboring brass. A named orichalcum in that encyclopedia, not brass as the copper-zinc neighbor already walked and not electrum as gold–silver alloy.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Basalt appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats basaltes among hard Egyptian touch-and-statue stones. A named basalt in that encyclopedia, not granite as a modern petrology dump and not touchstone as the assay stone already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mirror appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats mirrors among polished metal and stone looking-glasses of Roman craft speech. A named mirror in that encyclopedia, not obsidian as the Nahua smoking-mirror material already walked and not a scrying-tool dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lamp appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats lamps among oil vessels and lighting craft of Roman practice. A named lamp in that encyclopedia, not lantern as the enclosed light and not torch as the Demeter hymn brand already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lantern appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lanterns among portable enclosed lights of Roman craft speech. A named lantern in that encyclopedia, not lamp as the open oil vessel already walked here and not candle as the Pausanias seat.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tin appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tin among mined and traded metals of Roman encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named tin craft seat in that encyclopedia, not tin-medicine-pliny as the remedy edge already walked and not lead as a neighboring soft metal alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Copper appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats copper among mined and worked metals of Roman craft and pharmacy neighborhoods. A named copper in that encyclopedia, not brass as the alloy already walked and not the Florentine Nahua copper seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Silver appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats silver among mined metals, coin, and mirror-metal speech of Roman practice. A named silver in that encyclopedia, not electrum as the alloy already walked and not the Florentine Nahua silver seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sulfur appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats sulfur among mineral and volcanic materials of Roman craft and pharmacy neighborhoods. A named sulfur in that encyclopedia, not alchemy-principle sulfur already walked and not a brimstone sermon dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Oil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats oils among pressed olive and related craft liquids of Roman practice. A named oil in that encyclopedia, not olive as the plant already walked elsewhere and not olive-press as the machine already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Amphora appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats amphorae among transport and storage jars of Roman wine and oil trade. A named amphora in that encyclopedia, not dolium as the buried storage jar already walked and not the Herodotus Hellenic amphora seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wax appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats wax among sealing, writing-tablet, and craft materials of Roman practice. A named wax in that encyclopedia, not beeswax as the hive product neighbor and not wax-tablet as the writing object already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Beeswax appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats beeswax among hive products used in Roman craft and materia speech. A named beeswax in that encyclopedia, not wax as the generic lemma already walked here and not honey as a separate food dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fresco appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats wall-painting craft among Roman pigment and plaster speech. A named fresco in that encyclopedia, not encaustic as the wax-paint method already walked and not mosaic as a tessera dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Steelyard appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats unequal-arm lever scales among Roman weighing craft. A named steelyard in that encyclopedia, not balance-scale as the Egyptian weighing object already walked and not a modern spring-scale dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Slag appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats furnace refuse and metal-working by-products among Roman craft speech. A named slag in that encyclopedia, not cadmia as the collected flue product already walked here and not a modern dump-heap alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Granite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats granite among hard monumental stones known to Roman encyclopedia speech. A named granite in that encyclopedia, not basalt as the neighboring hard stone already walked here and not marble alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Crystal appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats rock-crystal among gem and vessel materials of Roman encyclopedia speech. A named crystal in that encyclopedia, not glass as the fused material already walked and not a modern crystal-healing dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Salt appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats salt among Roman salt-works, trade, and encyclopedia chapters beyond pharmacy alone. A named salt in that encyclopedia seat, not salt-medicine-pliny as the remedy edge already walked and not Florentine Nahua salt alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lime appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats lime among burned building and plaster materials of Roman craft. A named lime in that encyclopedia, not lime-medicine-pliny as the pharmacy edge already walked and not quicklime as a slogan dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pumice appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats pumice among abrasive and building stones of Roman craft speech. A named pumice in that encyclopedia, not pumice-medicine-pliny as the pharmacy edge already walked and not generic volcanic-rock dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Chalk appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats chalk among white earths and marking materials of Roman craft speech. A named chalk in that encyclopedia, not clay as the plastic earth and not a classroom-chalk dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Clay appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats clay among pottery and building earths of Roman craft speech. A named clay in that encyclopedia, not chalk as the white earth already walked here and not potter-wheel as the machine already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cinnabar appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats cinnabar among mercury ores and red pigments known to Roman encyclopedia speech. A named cinnabar in that encyclopedia, not minium as the related red already walked in pharmacy and not Baopuzi alchemy cinnabar alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Minium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats minium among red lead and pigment chapters of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named minium pigment seat in that encyclopedia, not minium-medicine-pliny as the remedy edge already walked and not cinnabar as the mercury ore already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pitch appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats pitch among ship and craft sealants of Roman practice. A named pitch in that encyclopedia, not tar as a neighboring black sealant and not Dioscorides pitch pharmacy alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Resin appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats resins among tree exudates used in Roman craft and materia speech. A named resin in that encyclopedia, not pitch as the boiled sealant already walked here and not frankincense as KF incense churn.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tar appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats tar among black wood- and pitch-neighbor sealants of Roman craft speech. A named tar in that encyclopedia, not pitch as the lemma already walked here and not a modern road-tar dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wool appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wool among Roman textile and flock chapters beyond dye recipes alone. A named wool craft seat in that encyclopedia, not wool-dye-pliny as the dye edge already walked and not linen as the plant-fiber cloth already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Linen appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats linen among Roman flax-cloth and textile chapters beyond dye recipes alone. A named linen craft seat in that encyclopedia, not linen-dye-pliny as the dye edge already walked and not flax as the plant already walked in the plants run.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Anvil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the anvil among iron-working and smithing furniture of Roman craft speech. A named anvil in that encyclopedia, not forge as the hearth already walked here and not the Iliad hellenic seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Forge appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the forge among metal-heating hearths of Roman smithing and furnace neighborhoods. A named forge in that encyclopedia, not kiln as the pottery furnace already walked and not anvil as the hammer-block alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Plough appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 18 seats the plough among Roman agricultural implements and soil-tillage speech. A named plough in that encyclopedia, not the Rigveda plough seat already walked and not sickle as the cutting tool alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wagon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wagons among load and travel vehicles of Roman land transport speech. A named wagon in that encyclopedia, not chariot as a war cart and not the hellenic/vedic wagon seats alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sling appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the sling among casting weapons and pastoral gear of Roman encyclopedia speech. A named sling in that encyclopedia, not bola or caltrop as neighboring entanglement gear already walked elsewhere.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fishhook appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fishhooks among fishing tackle in marine and river craft chapters. A named fishhook in that encyclopedia, not fishing-net as the mesh gear already walked and not harpoon as the thrusting spear alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Harpoon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats harpoons among large-fish and sea-mammal taking gear of Roman marine speech. A named harpoon in that encyclopedia, not fishhook as the curved hook already walked here and not fishing-net alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Candle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wax and tallow stick-lights among Roman lighting craft beside oil lamps. A named candle in that encyclopedia, not lamp or lantern as the oil vessels already walked and not the Pausanias hellenic candle seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tallow appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats tallow among hard animal fats gathered for lights and related craft, beyond pharmacy alone. A named tallow craft seat in that encyclopedia, not beeswax as the hive wax already walked and not oil as liquid fat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Vellum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 13 seats Pergamene membrana among skin writing supports when papyrus export was restricted — the parchment neighborhood this entity carries as fine calfskin. A named vellum/parchment seat in that encyclopedia, not papyrus-roll or wax-tablet as writing supports already walked and not clay-tablet as Mesopotamian clay.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Key appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats keys among metal lock furniture and threshold gear of Roman domestic and craft speech. A named key in that encyclopedia, not padlock/latch/hasp as modern type-names refused here and not the hellenic/medicine seats alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Brooch appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ornamental pins and dress clasps among Roman metal jewelry and costume speech. A named brooch in that encyclopedia, not fibula as the safety-pin form already walked and not signet-ring as the seal ring alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Ring appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats finger-rings among Roman gold, seal, and dress-metal chapters beyond the signet alone. A named ring in that encyclopedia, not signet-ring as the seal form already walked and not fibula as the dress pin.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Silk appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 11 seats silk among Seres cloth and Roman luxury textile speech beyond dye use alone. A named silk craft seat in that encyclopedia, not silk-dye-pliny as the dye edge already walked and not the Lotus Buddhist seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Alum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats alum among mordant, fulling, and craft salts of Roman encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy and dye use alone. A named alum craft seat in that encyclopedia, not alum-medicine-pliny / alum dye edges already walked and not natron as the Egyptian soda alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Indigo appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats indicum among imported blue pigments and dye materials of Roman craft speech. A named indigo encyclopedia seat in that encyclopedia, not indigo dye use already walked and not woad as the European leaf-blue alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Kermes appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats coccum/kermes among Mediterranean crimson dye insects of Roman textile speech. A named kermes encyclopedia seat in that encyclopedia, not kermes dye use already walked and not cochineal as the New World scale.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Weld appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats weld/Reseda yellows among plant dye materials of Roman textile speech. A named weld encyclopedia seat in that encyclopedia, not weld dye use already walked and not saffron as the stigma yellow alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fuller's earth appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fuller’s earth among clays used to scour wool in Roman fulling craft, beyond pharmacy alone. A named fullers-earth craft seat in that encyclopedia, not fullers-earth medicine already walked and not kaolin as a later china-clay name.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Natron appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats natron among soda salts of washing, glass, and craft chemistry in Roman encyclopedia speech beyond Egyptian mummification and pharmacy alone. A named natron craft seat in that encyclopedia, not natron-medicine-pliny already walked and not nitre as the saltpeter neighborhood alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Soot appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats soot among furnace and lamp blacks of Roman craft and atramentum neighborhoods beyond dye use alone. A named soot craft seat in that encyclopedia, not soot dye already walked and not lampblack as the collected lamp soot alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Charcoal appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats charcoal among fuels and carbons of Roman craft and pharmacy neighborhoods beyond medicine alone. A named charcoal craft seat in that encyclopedia, not charcoal-medicine-pliny already walked and not soot as unsorted flue dust.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mica appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 36 seats lapis specularis among split sheet-stones used for windows and craft glazing in Roman building speech. A named mica in that encyclopedia, not rock-crystal as the clear quartz already walked in pharmacy and not glass as the fused material already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bitumen appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats bitumen among natural pitches of mortar, waterproofing, and craft sealing beyond pharmacy alone. A named bitumen craft seat in that encyclopedia, not bitumen medicine already walked and not pitch/tar as neighboring tree-pitch materials already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Gypsum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats gypsum among plaster and building minerals of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named gypsum craft seat in that encyclopedia, not gypsum medicine already walked and not chalk/lime as neighboring white earths already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lead appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lead among pipes, sheets, and worked soft metal of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named lead craft seat in that encyclopedia, not lead-medicine-pliny already walked and not tin as the neighboring soft metal alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Emery appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats emery among granular abrasives used for grinding and polish in Roman stone and metal craft. A named emery craft seat in that encyclopedia, not emery medicine already walked and not sapphire as a gem identity flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Naphtha appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats naphtha among light flammable petroleum fractions of Roman craft and war-material speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named naphtha craft seat in that encyclopedia, not naphtha medicine already walked and not bitumen as the heavier pitch alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Coral appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 32 seats coral among Mediterranean ornament and amulet materials of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named coral craft seat in that encyclopedia, not coral medicine already walked (Dioscorides/neighbor) and not pearl as the nacre gem alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Azurite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats azurite among blue copper carbonates of Roman pigment and ornamental-stone speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named azurite craft encyclopedia seat, not azurite medicine/dye already walked and not lapis lazuli as the tectosilicate blue alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Malachite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats malachite among green copper carbonates of Roman pigment and ornamental-stone speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named malachite craft encyclopedia seat, not malachite medicine/dye already walked and not chrysocolla as the neighboring copper silicate alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Orpiment appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats orpiment among yellow arsenic sulfide pigments of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named orpiment craft encyclopedia seat, not orpiment medicine/dye already walked and not realgar as the red sulfide alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Realgar appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats realgar among red arsenic sulfide pigments of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named realgar craft encyclopedia seat, not realgar medicine/dye already walked and not orpiment as the yellow sulfide alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hematite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats hematite among iron-oxide stones of pigment and polish craft beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named hematite craft encyclopedia seat, not hematite medicine/dye already walked and not red-ochre as the earth pigment alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Chrysocolla appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats chrysocolla among copper silicate greens of Roman pigment and soldering-craft neighborhoods beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named chrysocolla craft encyclopedia seat, not chrysocolla medicine/dye already walked and not malachite as the carbonate alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Egyptian blue appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats Egyptian blue among fused copper-silicate blues known to Roman pigment speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named egyptian-blue craft encyclopedia seat, not egyptian-blue medicine/dye already walked and not azurite as the carbonate blue alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lapis lazuli appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lapis among deep-blue ornamental stones and pigment materials of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named lapis-lazuli craft encyclopedia seat, not lapis medicine/dye already walked and not sapphire as a modern corundum flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Red ochre appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats red ochre among iron-earth pigments of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named red-ochre craft encyclopedia seat, not red-ochre medicine/dye already walked and not yellow-ochre as the sister earth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Yellow ochre appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats yellow ochre among iron-earth pigments of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named yellow-ochre craft encyclopedia seat, not yellow-ochre medicine/dye already walked and not red-ochre as the sister earth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lodestone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the lodestone among magnetic stones of Roman natural-history and craft curiosity beyond pharmacy alone. A named lodestone craft encyclopedia seat, not lodestone medicine already walked and not hematite as ordinary iron-oxide alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cadmia appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 seats cadmia among furnace zinc-oxide incrustations of metal-working and pigment neighborhoods beyond pharmacy alone. A named cadmia craft encyclopedia seat, not cadmia medicine already walked and not tutty as a later English furnace-oxide name.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cerussa appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cerussa among white-lead preparations of painting and cosmetic craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named cerussa craft encyclopedia seat, not cerussa medicine already walked and not the white-lead entity refused here as a flatten onto this lemma.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Litharge appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats litharge among yellow lead oxides gathered from silver cupellation and furnace craft beyond shoe-blue pharmacy rows alone. A named litharge craft encyclopedia seat, not massicot as the soft pigment form already walked in dye and not metallic lead alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Stibium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats stibium among antimony sulphide ores of eye-paint, pigment, and mineral craft beyond shoe-blue pharmacy rows alone. A named stibium craft encyclopedia seat, not antimony as the bare metalloid lemma and not galena as lead ore alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Ammoniac appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ammoniac among desert salt crusts of cautery, soldering, and mineral craft beyond shoe-blue pharmacy rows alone. A named ammoniac craft encyclopedia seat, not sal-ammoniac as the later chemistry spelling refused here for elements-only focus and not nitre or natron alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Nitre appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats nitre among saltpeter-neighborhood crusts of washing, craft chemistry, and mineral encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named nitre craft encyclopedia seat, not nitre-medicine-pliny already walked and not natron as the Egyptian soda alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Galena appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats galena among lead ores of metallurgy and mineral craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named galena craft encyclopedia seat, not galena medicine already walked and not metallic lead or litharge as worked products alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Antimony appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats antimony among metalloid ores of kohl and mineral craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named antimony craft encyclopedia seat, not antimony medicine already walked and not stibium as the sulphide preparation already seated here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Arsenic appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats arsenic among sandarach/orpiment neighborhoods of mineral and pigment craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named arsenic craft encyclopedia seat, not arsenic medicine already walked and not orpiment or realgar as the sulfide pigments already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pyrite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats pyrite among spark-giving iron sulfides of mineral and fire-craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named pyrite craft encyclopedia seat, not pyrite medicine already walked and not gold as a false-identity dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tyrian purple appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 9 seats murex purple among costly textile dyes and imperial cloth speech beyond the used_in dye edge alone. A named tyrian-purple craft encyclopedia seat, not tyrian-purple-dye-pliny already walked and not generic purple as a flatten refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lampblack appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lamp-collected soot among atramentum blacks of ink and pigment craft beyond the dye edge alone. A named lampblack craft encyclopedia seat, not lampblack-dye-pliny already walked and not unsorted flue soot or ivory-black alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sepia appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cuttlefish secretion among brown inks of marine pigment craft beyond the dye edge alone. A named sepia craft encyclopedia seat, not sepia-dye-pliny already walked and not lampblack or bistre alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Verdigris appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 seats aerugo/verdigris among green copper pigments of painting and craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named verdigris craft encyclopedia seat, not verdigris-dye-pliny already walked and not malachite as the carbonate ore alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Vitriol appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats vitriol among sulfate salts of dyeing, ink, and mineral craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named vitriol craft encyclopedia seat, not vitriol medicine/dye already walked and not blue-vitriol or green-vitriol as elements-only splits refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Massicot appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats massicot among soft lead-oxide yellows of pigment craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named massicot craft encyclopedia seat, not massicot medicine/dye already walked and not litharge as the fused form seated here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sinopia appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats sinopia red-earth among pigments of painting and craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named sinopia craft encyclopedia seat, not sinopia medicine/dye already walked and not red-ochre as the neighboring iron-earth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Ochre appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ochre among iron-earth pigments of painting and craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named ochre craft encyclopedia seat, not ochre medicine/dye already walked and not red-ochre or yellow-ochre as the sister earths already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Madder appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats madder among Rubia root dyes of textile craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named madder craft encyclopedia seat, not madder medicine/dye already walked and not madder-lake as a later precipitated paint name refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Crimson appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats crimson cloth-color among kermes-neighborhood reds of textile craft beyond medicine and dye edges alone. A named crimson craft encyclopedia seat, not crimson-cloth-dye-pliny already walked and not carmine or cochineal as New World collide refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Terre verte appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats green earth among soft green pigments of painting craft in the appianum/creta-viridis neighborhood. A named terre-verte craft encyclopedia seat, not malachite as the ore green already walked and not generic green as a color dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Linseed oil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats linseed oil among flax-seed oils of craft and drying-medium speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named linseed-oil craft encyclopedia seat, not linseed-oil medicine already walked and not walnut-oil as the neighboring drying oil seated here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Walnut oil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats walnut oil among pressed nut oils of craft and ointment neighborhoods. A named walnut-oil craft encyclopedia seat, not linseed-oil as the flax drying oil already seated here and not walnut as the tree/fruit alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Reed pen appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the calamus reed among writing pens of ink craft beside papyrus and related supports. A named reed-pen in that encyclopedia, not stylus or quill as writing points already walked and not the Herodotus Egyptian reed-pen seat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rock crystal appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats crystallus among clear quartz worked into vessels and burning-glasses of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named rock-crystal craft encyclopedia seat, not rock-crystal medicine already walked, not the Pausanias hellenic seat alone, and not gem jewelry padding refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Serpentine appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats serpentine among mottled green ornamental stones of carving and building craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named serpentine craft encyclopedia seat, not serpentine medicine already walked and not jade as a false-identity dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Selenite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats selenite among clear gypsum crystals of mineral and craft speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named selenite craft encyclopedia seat, not selenite medicine already walked and not mica/lapis specularis as the window-stone already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Calcite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats calcite/limestone-neighborhood stones among building and mineral craft beyond pharmacy alone. A named calcite craft encyclopedia seat, not calcite medicine already walked and not chalk, lime, or marble as neighboring calcium materials already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Soapstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats steatite among soft talc-rich stones carved for vessels and craft. A named soapstone/steatite seat in that encyclopedia, not talc as a modern mineral-class name refused here and not jade as a false-identity dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Meteorite appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats sky-fallen iron and stones among mineral marvels of Roman encyclopedia speech. A named meteorite in that encyclopedia, not thunderstone as the folklore axe-stone seated here and not ordinary iron alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Aetites appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats aetites among rattling eaglestones of mineral encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named aetites craft/natural-history seat, not aetites medicine already walked and not hag-stone as later British holed flint.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Glossopetra appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats glossopetra among tongue-stones of mineral encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named glossopetra craft/natural-history seat, not glossopetra medicine already walked and not generic fossil dumps alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Thunderstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ceraunia/brontia among sky-fallen axe-stones of mineral encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named thunderstone craft/natural-history seat, not thunderstone medicine already walked and not meteorite as the sky-iron lemma seated here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Toadstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats toadstone among folk mineral jewels of encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named toadstone craft/natural-history seat, not toadstone medicine already walked and not bezoar as the gut-concretion lemma refused here for later Islamic framing.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Water appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats water among the waters, rains, and seas of Book 2 natural philosophy and later water chapters. A named water in that encyclopedia, not brine as salt liquor already walked and not a flood-myth dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Air appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats air among the atmosphere and winds of Book 2 sky speech. A named air in that encyclopedia, not wind as the moving breath already walked here and not a soul-breath theology dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Earth as element appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats earth among the elemental ground of Book 2 cosmology beside fire, air, and water. A named earth-as-element in that encyclopedia, not soil as tilled dirt and not Yijing phase earth already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wind appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats named winds and air motion among Book 2 meteorology. A named wind in that encyclopedia, not Hesiod’s cosmogonic winds already walked and not a weather-app dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rain appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats rain among Book 2 precipitations and weather speech. A named rain in that encyclopedia, not rainwater as collected pharmacy water and not a Vedic rain-god dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hail appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats hail among hard precipitations of Book 2 weather speech. A named hail in that encyclopedia, not ice as solid cold pharmacy already walked and not Hesiod sky-ice alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fog appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fog among dense airs and obscuring weathers of Book 2 speech. A named fog in that encyclopedia, not mist as light vapor and not a Norse fog-world dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mist appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats mist among light vapors and morning airs of Book 2 weather speech. A named mist in that encyclopedia, not fog as dense obscurity and not Gylfaginning mist-world alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Earthquake appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats earthquakes among Book 2 tremblings of the ground and related marvels. A named earthquake in that encyclopedia, not volcano as the fire-mountain and not a omen-only dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rainbow appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the rainbow among Book 2 sky arcs and color marvels. A named rainbow in that encyclopedia, not iris as a deity dump and not a modern optics lecture.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Halo appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats solar and lunar halos among Book 2 rings about the lamps of the sky. A named halo in that encyclopedia, not rainbow as the multi-color arc and not aurora as northern glow.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tide appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tides among Book 2 seas that swell and fall with the moon. A named tide in that encyclopedia, not sea as the water body alone and not a maelstrom dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Dust appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats dust among dry motes and earthy powders of natural-history speech. A named dust in that encyclopedia, not sand as glassmaking substrate already walked and not a desert landform dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Volcano appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats burning mountains — Etna and related fire-hills — among Book 2 earth marvels. A named volcano in that encyclopedia, not lava as the flowing fire-stone and not Vesuvius as a modern disaster brand alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lava appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats flowing fire-stone and molten earth among volcanic marvel speech. A named lava in that encyclopedia, not magma as the modern underground class and not volcano as the mountain alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sea appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the sea among Book 2–9 waters, shores, and marine marvels. A named sea in that encyclopedia, not ocean as a belief quality and not seawater as pharmacy liquor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Desert appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats deserts and rainless tracts among African and Asian geography chapters. A named desert in that encyclopedia, not sand as glass substrate already walked and not a Qur’anic desert dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lake appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lakes among inland waters of geography and marvel chapters. A named lake in that encyclopedia, not sea as salt water and not a marsh already seated under Virgil.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Nile appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the Nile among Book 5 Egyptian geography, flood, and wonder speech. A named Nile in that encyclopedia, not river as the generic stream already under Virgil and not Book of the Dead nile alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Soil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats soils among tilled earths and agricultural ground of the later books. A named soil in that encyclopedia, not earth-element as cosmological earth and not mud as wet earth.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mud appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats mud among wet earths and wallowing grounds of natural-history speech. A named mud in that encyclopedia, not clay as plastic drug earth already walked and not soil as dry tilth.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Limestone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats limestone and calcareous building stones among stone chapters. A named limestone in that encyclopedia, not lime as burned alkali already walked and not marble as the craft object already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Stone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats stone among Books 36–37 stones, quarries, and worked rock. A named stone in that encyclopedia, not a gem dump and not thunderstone as the wonder pebble already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sun appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the sun among Book 2 lamps of the sky, heat, and measure. A named sun in that encyclopedia, not fire as Troy-flame already under Virgil and not a natal chart dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Moon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the moon among Book 2 sky lamps, phases, and tidal speech. A named moon body in that encyclopedia, not full-moon or new-moon as phase seats already walked and not Selene as unresolved identity.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Star appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats stars among Book 2 fixed lights and wonder speech. A named star in that encyclopedia, not comet as the hairy star already walked and not Tetrabiblos judicial stars alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Eclipse appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats eclipses among Book 2 coverings of sun and moon. A named eclipse in that encyclopedia, not omen-only prophecy dump and not Ptolemy judicial eclipse alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Season appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats seasons among the year’s turns of weather and husbandry speech. A named season in that encyclopedia, not calendar as the counting tool alone and not Demeter myth season alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Black appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats black among painter’s colors and dark pigments of Book 35. A named black hue in that encyclopedia, not lampblack or ivory-black as soot blacks already walked and not a death-symbol dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
White appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats white among painter’s whites and pale colors of Book 35. A named white hue in that encyclopedia, not cerussa as white-lead already walked and not chalk as the earth already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Red appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats red among painter’s reds and colored earths of Book 35. A named red hue in that encyclopedia, not red-ochre, minium, or sinopia as named reds already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Purple appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats purple among dyed and painted purples of color speech. A named purple hue in that encyclopedia, not Tyrian purple as the murex dye already walked and not a royal-symbol dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Green appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats green among painter’s greens and green earths of Book 35. A named green hue in that encyclopedia, not terre-verte, malachite, or verdigris as named greens already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Blue appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats blue among painter’s blues and blue colorants of Book 35. A named blue hue in that encyclopedia, not Egyptian blue, azure, or indigo as named blues already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Scarlet appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats scarlet among bright reds of dyed cloth and color speech. A named scarlet hue in that encyclopedia, not kermes or crimson as insect reds already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Flame appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats flame among visible burning tongues of fire speech — lamps, hearths, and burning mountains. A named flame in that encyclopedia, not fire as Troy-flame already under Virgil and not Hesiod flame alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Heat appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats heat among warming powers of sun, fire, and remedy speech. A named heat in that encyclopedia, not fire as the burning body and not Poetic Edda heat alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cold appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cold among chilling powers of ice, frost, and remedy speech. A named cold in that encyclopedia, not ice as solid cold pharmacy already walked and not Poetic Edda cold alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fern appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ferns among frond plants of the botanical books. A named fern in that encyclopedia, not moss as soft packing growth and not a fairy-folklore dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pine appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats pine among resinous timber and pitch-bearing trees. A named pine in that encyclopedia, not pine→medicine already under Dioscorides and not rosin as the hard resin already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fig appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the fig among orchard fruits of Italian and eastern cultivation speech. A named fig in that encyclopedia, not Qur’anic fig oath already walked and not olive as the oil tree.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pomegranate appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the pomegranate among orchard fruits and dye-adjacent rinds. A named pomegranate in that encyclopedia, not Homeric Hymn Persephone seed already walked and not apple as a northern youth-fruit.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mulberry appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the mulberry among trees tied to silk-worm leaf and orchard speech. A named mulberry in that encyclopedia, not silk as dye cloth already walked and not a modern berry dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pepper appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats pepper among eastern spices of Book 12 trade and table speech. A named pepper in that encyclopedia, not cinnamon as the bark spice and not a New World chile dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cinnamon appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cinnamon among aromatic barks of eastern trade speech. A named cinnamon in that encyclopedia, not cinnamon→medicine already under Dioscorides and not pepper as the berry spice.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Mushroom appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats mushrooms among fungi noted for food and danger in botanical speech. A named mushroom in that encyclopedia, not fungus as a second fungi id and not a fairy-ring dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rosemary appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats rosemary among aromatic Mediterranean shrubs of garden and remedy speech. A named rosemary in that encyclopedia, not rosemary→medicine already under Dioscorides and not sage as the sister aromatic.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Brackish water appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats brackish and half-salt waters among the judged waters of coasts, lagoons, and mixed takes. A named brackish-water in that encyclopedia, not seawater as full sea liquor already walked and not brine as salt liquor already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pozzolana appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the dust of Puteoli among volcanic earths that harden underwater in Roman building speech. A named pozzolana in that encyclopedia, not bare volcanic-ash as unsorted ash and not lime-mortar as the binder mix alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Volcanic ash appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats volcanic ash among ejecta of eruptions and dusty falls beside Vesuvian and related speech. A named volcanic-ash in that encyclopedia, not lava as flowing melt already walked and not pozzolana as the Puteoli building dust alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Scoria appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats scoria among slaggy volcanic and furnace cinders distinct from fine ash. A named scoria in that encyclopedia, not volcanic-ash as fine dust and not charcoal as wood-carbon.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tuff appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tuff among soft volcanic building stones of Italian construction speech. A named tuff in that encyclopedia, not travertine as Tibur limestone and not sandstone as bedded sand-rock.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Travertine appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats Tibur stone and related calcareous building stones among Roman construction materials. A named travertine in that encyclopedia, not marble as polished stone already walked and not tuff as volcanic soft-stone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sandstone appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats sand-stones among workable building and paving stones distinct from marble and soft tuff. A named sandstone in that encyclopedia, not sand as loose grain already walked and not limestone as calcareous bed alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Terracotta appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fired earthenware among ceramic wares of Italian and Mediterranean craft speech. A named terracotta in that encyclopedia, not adobe as sun-dried brick and not amphora as the transport jar already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Stucco appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats stucco and fine plaster finishes among wall coatings of Roman building craft. A named stucco in that encyclopedia, not lime-mortar as structural binder and not gypsum as the mineral already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lime mortar appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats lime mortars among binders of Roman masonry beside pozzolana mixes. A named lime-mortar in that encyclopedia, not bare lime as the burned material already walked and not stucco as fine finish alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Gold leaf appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats beaten gold leaf among metalworking and gilding crafts of Book 33. A named gold-leaf in that encyclopedia, not bare gold as the metal bulk and not electrum as the mixed alloy already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Spark appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats sparks among fire-kindling and striking speech of natural fire chapters. A named spark in that encyclopedia, not flame as visible burning already walked and not fire as the element already blocked under Virgil/other seats.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tinder appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats tinder among catch-materials that take spark into lasting fire. A named tinder in that encyclopedia, not touchwood as rotten wood alone and not charcoal as prepared carbon already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Firewood appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats firewood among ordinary fuel woods of hearth and bath speech. A named firewood in that encyclopedia, not charcoal as carbonized fuel already walked and not kindling as thin starter sticks.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Steam appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats steam among hot vapors of baths, springs, and boiling speech. A named steam in that encyclopedia, not vapor as cooler/general exhalation and not mist as light outdoor vapor already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Vapor appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats vapors among exhalations of earth, water, and weather speech in Book 2. A named vapor in that encyclopedia, not steam as bath-hot vapor and not fog as dense obscurity already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Drizzle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fine drizzle among light precipitations of Book 2 weather speech. A named drizzle in that encyclopedia, not rain as ordinary fall already walked and not mist as suspended vapor already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sleet appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats mixed ice-rain among hard and mixed precipitations of Book 2 weather speech. A named sleet in that encyclopedia, not hail as hard pellets already walked and not snow as soft fall already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Gale appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats strong gales among violent winds of Book 2 meteorology. A named gale in that encyclopedia, not wind as ordinary air motion already walked and not whirlwind as rotating column.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Whirlwind appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats whirlwinds among twisting wind columns of Book 2 storm speech. A named whirlwind in that encyclopedia, not gale as broad strong wind and not waterspout as the water-column form.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Waterspout appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats waterspouts among sea-born twisting columns of Book 2 meteorological marvels. A named waterspout in that encyclopedia, not whirlwind as land turbo and not maelstrom as northern whirlpool (refused).
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Plum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the plum among orchard fruits of Italian and provincial cultivation speech. A named plum in that encyclopedia, not prune as dried fruit alone and not pomegranate as the eastern orchard fruit already walked in W5.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Unicorn appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the monoceros among fabulous and reported beasts of Book 8 natural history speech. A named unicorn in that encyclopedia report, not a sacred_to cult animal and not rhinoceros as a forced modern identity flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Felt appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats felt (coactilia) among compressed-wool cloths of textile and gear speech. A named felt in that encyclopedia, not pileus as the felt cap already walked here and not a modern craft-felt dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Canvas appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats heavy linen and sail/tent cloth among ship and camp fabric speech. A named canvas in that encyclopedia, not sail as the finished sheet already walked and not a painting-canvas dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Auger appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the auger (terebra) among wood-boring tools of carpentry and craft speech. A named auger in that encyclopedia, not bow-drill as the cord-spun drill already walked and not a modern bit-set dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Dice appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats dice and gaming lots among tesserae/tali of Roman play and chance speech. A named dice in that encyclopedia, not astragalus-lots as the knucklebone seat already taken by Pausanias W7 and not a casino dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cameo appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 37 seats layered gem relief carving among sculptura of precious stones. A named cameo craft encyclopedia seat, not intaglio as the cut-in seal craft already walked here and not a jewelry-dump appears_in for garnet and kin.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Intaglio appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 37 seats cut-in gem engraving among seal-stone and sculptura speech. A named intaglio in that encyclopedia, not cameo as layered relief and not signet-ring as the finished seal furniture already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lucerna appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the lucerna among oil-fed lamps of domestic and craft lighting speech. A named Latin lamp form in that encyclopedia, not lamp as the wider English already walked and not lantern as the enclosed light already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Unguentarium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats small unguent flasks among perfume and ointment vessel speech. A named unguentarium in that encyclopedia, not alabastron as the Hellenic perfume jar already walked and not ointment-spatula as the applicator tool.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tegula appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the tegula among flat roof tiles of Roman building speech. A named tegula in that encyclopedia, not imbrex as the curved cover tile related here and not brick as the wall unit already walked elsewhere.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Imbrex is historically related to Tegula.
Pliny’s Natural History treats curved imbrices as the cover tiles that seat on flat tegulae in Roman roofing systems. Historical relation of cover tile to pan tile in that encyclopedia, not identity of the two forms and not a modern pantile dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Tessera appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tesserae among mosaic cubes and token speech of floors and craft. A named tessera in that encyclopedia, not fresco as painted wall already walked and not a modern mosaic-kit dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Aureus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 seats the aureus among gold coinage and monetary speech of Rome. A named aureus in that encyclopedia, not denarius as the silver unit already walked and not solidus as the later gold type refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Piscina appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the piscina among fishponds and water basins of villa and bath speech. A named piscina in that encyclopedia, not impluvium as the atrium catch-basin and not a later baptismal-only dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bulla appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the bulla among childhood amulet lockets of Roman dress speech. A named bulla in that encyclopedia, not gold-bulla as a metal pad refused here and not lunula as the crescent pendant already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lectus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the lectus among couches and beds of domestic and dining furniture speech. A named lectus in that encyclopedia, not cathedra as the chair form and not kline as the Hellenic couch already taken by Pausanias W7.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Compluvium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the compluvium among atrium roof openings that admit rain into the house. A named compluvium in that encyclopedia, not impluvium as the floor basin that catches that rain and not peristyle as the colonnaded court already taken by Pausanias W7.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Impluvium is historically related to Compluvium.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the impluvium as the atrium basin that receives rain admitted through the compluvium opening. Historical relation of catch-basin to roof opening in that encyclopedia, not identity of the two parts and not piscina as the fishpond alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Lead fistula appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lead fistulae among water-pipes and conduit speech of Roman plumbing. A named lead fistula in that encyclopedia, not lead as the metal already walked and not aqueduct as the channel already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sealing wax appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats sealing compounds among wax and resin used to close letters and goods. A named sealing-wax in that encyclopedia, not beeswax as the broader wax already walked and not seal-matrix as the engraved stamp.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Silver leaf appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats beaten silver leaf among metal-leaf craft beside gold leaf speech. A named silver-leaf in that encyclopedia, not gold-leaf as the already-walked leaf and not silver as the bulk metal already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Aes grave appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 seats aes grave among early cast bronze money of Rome. A named aes grave in that encyclopedia, not aes-rude as the unworked bronze related here and not as-coin as the later counted as already holding roman appears_in.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Aes rude is historically related to Aes grave.
Pliny’s Natural History treats aes rude as unworked bronze used as money before and beside the cast aes grave series. Historical relation of rough bronze money to cast bronze money in that encyclopedia, not identity of the two forms and not denarius silver alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Tweezers appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tweezers (volsella) among fine pulling tools of grooming and craft speech. A named tweezers in that encyclopedia, not forceps as the surgical grasper already walked here and not a modern beauty-kit dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Lunula appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the lunula among crescent pendants of Roman adornment speech. A named lunula in that encyclopedia, not bulla as the child locket already walked here and not a moon-theology dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Capsa appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the capsa among cylindrical cases for scrolls and papers. A named capsa in that encyclopedia, not scrinium as the writing chest and not scroll-case as the English keep-apart already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Scrinium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the scrinium among chests and cases for writings and papers. A named scrinium in that encyclopedia, not capsa as the cylinder case and not armarium as the cupboard.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Coin die appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats minting dies among metal-striking tools of coin craft speech. A named coin-die in that encyclopedia, not aureus as the struck gold piece and not seal-matrix as the soft-seal stamp.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Seal matrix appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats engraved seal matrices among stamp tools for wax and soft seals. A named seal-matrix in that encyclopedia, not intaglio as the gem-cut craft and not sealing-wax as the compound.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Seal box appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats small boxes among containers that protect seals and sealed goods. A named seal-box in that encyclopedia, not seal-matrix as the stamp and not money-box as the cash chest.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Netting needle appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats netting tools among gear for making fishing and hunting nets. A named netting-needle in that encyclopedia, not needle as the sewing pin already walked elsewhere and not fishhook as the hook already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Tent peg appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tent furniture among camp and sail-cloth gear speech. A named tent-peg in that encyclopedia, not canvas as the cloth already walked here and not a modern camping-brand dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Scroll case appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats cases for rolls among writing and library furniture speech. A named scroll-case in that encyclopedia, not capsa as the Latin cylinder and not papyrus-roll as the roll already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Falx appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 18 seats the falx among pruning hooks and hooked cutters of orchard and field speech. A named falx in that encyclopedia, not sickle as the curved harvest tool already walked and not scythe as the long mower already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Calceus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the calceus among closed Roman shoes of dress speech. A named calceus in that encyclopedia, not caliga as the military boot already walked and not cothurnus as the tragic/hunting boot already taken by Pausanias W7.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pileus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the pileus among felt and brimless caps of Roman dress speech. A named pileus in that encyclopedia, not felt as the cloth material already walked here and not a Phrygian-cap theology dump alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Clipeus appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the clipeus among round shields of Roman arms and honor speech. A named clipeus in that encyclopedia, not scutum as the oblong legionary shield already walked and not a generic shield dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Phalera appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats phalerae among metal disks of horse harness and military honor speech. A named phalera in that encyclopedia, not brooch as the garment pin already walked and not a generic medal dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Scythe appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 18 seats the scythe among long-handled mowing tools of harvest speech. A named scythe in that encyclopedia, not falx as the hooked pruner already walked here and not sickle as the hand harvest cutter already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Birdlime appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats birdlime (viscum preparations) among sticky hunting gear for taking birds. A named birdlime in that encyclopedia, not mistletoe as the plant alone and not a glue dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Dice cup is historically related to Dice.
Pliny’s Natural History treats fritillus-style cups among gear used to cast tesserae. Historical relation of casting cup to dice in that encyclopedia, not identity of cup and cubes and not astragalus-lots as the knucklebone seat.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Lead seal appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats lead seals among stamped closures for goods and documents. A named lead-seal in that encyclopedia, not lead as the metal already walked and not sealing-wax as the soft compound.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Copper foil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats beaten thin copper among foil and sheet metal craft beside gold and silver leaf speech. A named copper-foil in that encyclopedia, not copper as the bulk metal already walked and not silver-leaf as the silver foil already walked here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Bell metal is historically related to Bronze.
Pliny’s Natural History treats copper-tin alloys of sounding vessels among bronze metal speech. Historical relation of bell-metal alloy neighborhood to bronze in that encyclopedia, not identity with every bronze and not pewter as the later tin-rich type refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
historically related to · sourced · documented
Purpurissum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats purpurissum among purple/crimson pigments of chalked or shellfish preparations in workshop speech. A named purpurissum in that encyclopedia, not tyrian-purple as the cloth dye already walked and not ostrum as the shellfish-purple lemma kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Atramentum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats atramentum among soot and charcoal blacks for writing and painting. A named atramentum in that encyclopedia, not lampblack as the already-walked soot pigment and not iron-gall-ink as the later gall recipe refused in earlier Pliny craft passes.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Rubrica appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats rubrica among red-earth marks and painting reds under the Latin rubrica name. A named rubrica in that encyclopedia, not sinopia as the neighboring red-earth already walked and not cinnabar as the mercury red already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Sandyx appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats sandyx among mixed reds prepared from rubrica with lead or related sandyx recipes. A named sandyx in that encyclopedia, not minium as red lead alone and not rubrica as the parent red earth alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Cerussa usta appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats burnt white lead (cerussa usta) among warm reds and oranges from calcined cerussa. A named cerussa-usta in that encyclopedia, not raw cerussa already walked and not minium as red lead alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Melinum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats melinum among Melian white earths used as painting whites. A named melinum in that encyclopedia, not chalk as the already-walked white earth and not cerussa as white lead.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Paraetonium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats paraetonium among white earths named from the Egyptian coast station Paraetonium. A named paraetonium in that encyclopedia, not melinum as Melian white and not chalk alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Attic sil appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats Attic sil among prized yellow ochres under the sil name. A named attic-sil in that encyclopedia, not generic yellow-ochre as a forced duplicate id and not orpiment as the arsenic yellow already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Armenium appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 35 seats armenium among Armenian blues of azurite neighborhood in Roman pigment lists. A named armenium in that encyclopedia, not azurite as a forced duplicate id and not caeruleum as the frit-blue lemma kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Aerugo appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 seats aerugo among copper-rust greens of pigment and craft under the Latin name. A named aerugo in that encyclopedia, not verdigris as the already-walked English lemma flatten and not malachite as the carbonate ore alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Caeruleum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33–35 seats caeruleum among sky-blue pigments, often the Egyptian blue frit neighborhood in Latin speech. A named caeruleum in that encyclopedia, not egyptian-blue as a forced duplicate id and not armenium as azurite-blue alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 treats misy among yellow vitriolic copper earths used as astringent and related mineral drugs. A Roman-era pharmacological use of misy, not attic-sil as the yellow ochre pigment and not orpiment as the arsenic yellow already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Ostrum appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats ostrum among shellfish purples under the Latin ostrum name in textile and color speech. A named ostrum in that encyclopedia, not tyrian-purple as the already-walked cloth dye and not purpurissum as the chalked purple pigment kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Flax Fiber appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 19 seats retted flax fiber among textile feedstocks for linen yarn and cloth. A named flax-fiber in that encyclopedia, not flax as the plant already walked and not linen as the finished cloth already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hemp Fiber appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 19 seats hemp fiber among cordage, sail, and coarse textile speech. A named hemp-fiber in that encyclopedia, not hemp as the plant already walked and not hempseed-oil as the drying oil kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Fulling appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats fulling among wet milling of wool with soap, urine, and fullers’ earth in Roman cloth finishing. A named fulling process in that encyclopedia, not fullers-earth as the mordant earth already walked and not fulled-cloth as the product alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Fulled Cloth appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats densified wool cloth among fullonica products of felted weave. A named fulled-cloth in that encyclopedia, not felt as nonwoven matting already walked and not fulling as the process lemma kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Fire Gilding appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 33 seats mercury-amalgam gilding driven off by heat among gold-coating crafts on metal. A named fire-gilding in that encyclopedia, not gold-leaf as beaten leaf already walked and not amalgam-gilding as a synonym twin refused here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Tinning appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 seats tin coats on copper and related vessels among metal-finishing craft. A named tinning in that encyclopedia, not tin as the bulk metal already walked and not terneplate as later lead-tin sheet.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Sepia Ink appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats cuttlefish sepia among brown writing and drawing inks beside the dry sepia pigment seat already walked. A named sepia-ink in that encyclopedia, not sepia as the pigment cake alone and not bistre as the later wash name refused in earlier craft passes.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Carbon Ink appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats soot-bound blacks among atramentum writing and painting inks rather than gall chemistry. A named carbon-ink class in that encyclopedia neighborhood, not lampblack as dry soot pigment alone and not atramentum as the Latin lemma kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Pine Soot appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History treats pine and resinous combustion soots among feedstocks for atramentum blacks. A named pine-soot in that encyclopedia, not bare soot as the already-walked residue and not lampblack as the trade pigment already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Aleppo Gall is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats oak galls (galla) among ink and dyeing tanstuffs of the eastern Mediterranean gall trade. A Roman-era dye/ink use of aleppo-gall, not iron-gall-ink as the later named recipe and not oak-bark as the bark tannin kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Pliny’s Natural History treats oak bark among tanning and brown dye materials of leather and cloth craft. A Roman-era dye/tan use of oak-bark, not oak as the tree alone and not aleppo-gall as the gall nut alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Burning mirror appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats burning mirrors and related burning-glasses among optical marvels that concentrate the sun’s heat. A named burning-mirror in that encyclopedia, not burning-glass as a lens twin alone and not medical speculum as the exam mirror.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Cheese press appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats weighted presses among dairy craft that firms curd into cheese. A named cheese-press in that encyclopedia, not olive-press as the oil press already walked and not screw-press as a general press dump.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Umbella appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the umbella among sun-shades of Roman dress and luxury gear. A named umbella in that encyclopedia, not parasol as a generic shade already walked and not modern stick-umbrella rain tools.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Carding comb appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats wool-carding combs among textile prep gear that opens and aligns fleece before spinning. A named carding-comb in that encyclopedia, not dressing-comb as hair furniture already walked and not loom as the weaving frame already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Bloomery appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History Book 34 seats low furnaces that yield wrought-iron blooms among iron-working craft. A named bloomery in that encyclopedia, not forge as the smithing hearth already walked and not blast-furnace as the later tall stack.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Tuyere appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats blast nozzles and related forge-air gear among metallurgy and furnace craft. A named tuyere in that encyclopedia, not bellows as the already-walked air bag and not forge as the smithing place already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Pozzuoli red appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats Puteolan and Campanian red earths among iron-red pigments and building earths of the Pozzuoli neighborhood. A named pozzuoli-red in that encyclopedia, not pozzolana as the volcanic building earth already walked and not rubrica as the Latin red-earth lemma kept apart here.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Copper Leaf appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats beaten thin copper among metal-leaf and foil craft beside gold and silver leaf speech. A named copper-leaf in that encyclopedia, not copper-foil as the already-walked foil object and not copper as bulk metal alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Celtic tradition
Mistletoe appears in Celtic tradition.
Pliny’s Natural History attests Gaulish Druids cutting mistletoe from oak. A Roman visitor’s report of Celtic rite, not oak the host-tree as this plant, and not a generic healing herb.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Oak appears in Celtic tradition.
Pliny’s Natural History attests that Gaulish Druids hold the oak sacred and cut mistletoe from it. A Roman visitor’s report of Celtic oak-rite, not timber as a generic hardwood and not the mistletoe itself.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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