animal
Camel
Camel as an animal people have named and used. Endurance, reserve, desert crossing — one living kind, not a single symbol.
Camel is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats the camel among land animals of Africa and Asia with milk, flesh, and other uses entering Roman handbook speech. A named camel in that encyclopedia, not a desert-trade dump alone and not a giraffe camelopardalis flatten.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Camel is historically related to Wool.
In al's The Jewish Encyclopedia, Camel is placed beside Wool as concrete shop companions.
from Isidore Singer et al. · The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901–1906
historically related to · sourced · documented
Dozen is used in Camel.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Arab bride-offers may be camels, or a dozen of cows — a dozen marks that camel-scale offer rank.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
used in · sourced · documented
Islam
Camel appears in Islam.
The Qur’an repeatedly names the camel among created signs and provision (including ‘do they not look at the camel how it is created’). A named animal in that revelation, not a desert-travel stereotype dump alone.
from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Hellenic religion
Camel appears in Hellenic religion.
Herodotus notes camels among Arabian and Persian baggage and army speech in the traveler frame. A named camel in that ethnography, not a desert-tourism dump and not Pliny pharmacy alone.
from Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE
appears in · sourced · documented
sources
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- The Qur’an · M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation)
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur’an (Oxford).
- Histories · Herodotus
Herodotus, Histories.
- The Jewish Encyclopedia · Isidore Singer et al.
Isidore Singer et al., The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906).
- A Biblical and Theological Dictionary · Richard Watson
Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary.