Map

object

Drum

Objects · Rituals

A struck membrane for rhythm and signal. Shamanic frame drums and parade drums share the physics, not one rite.

Hellenic religion

  • Drum appears in Hellenic religion.

    Pausanias notes drums among the instruments of mystery and processional noise. A named drum in that periegesis, not tympanum jargon alone and not a modern kit dump.

    from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

    appears in · sourced · documented

Buddhist traditions

  • Drum appears in Buddhist traditions.

    Watson’s Lotus Sūtra seats heavenly drums among the sounds that announce and honor the Dharma. A named drum in that sūtra, not Pausanias cult drums alone and not a parade dump.

    from Burton Watson (translation) · The Lotus Sutra, 1993 (this translation); Sanskrit/Chinese recensions much older

    appears in · sourced · documented

Vedic tradition

Roman religion

  • Drum appears in Roman religion.

    Virgil’s Aeneid Book 7 seats the tympanum among Amata’s Bacchic uproar in Latium. A named drum in that epic, not thyrsus as the wand beside it and not a modern kit dump.

    from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

    appears in · sourced · documented

Mesopotamian tradition

  • Drum appears in Mesopotamian tradition.

    The Epic of Gilgamesh seats the pukku (often rendered drum or ball) among the playthings that fall to the underworld and draw Enkidu’s descent. A named drum-class object in that epic, not bell as a struck metal signal and not lyre as the stringed instrument alone.

    from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)

    appears in · sourced · documented

  • Drum is used in Lament.

    The Epic of Gilgamesh seats drum-class sound among mourning for Enkidu and the underworld neighborhood of the pukku. Drum used in that lament practice, not lyre as the stringed lament neighbor alone.

    from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)

    used in · sourced · documented

Northwest Coast tradition

  • Drum appears in Northwest Coast tradition.

    Swanton’s Tlingit Myths and Texts seat drums among shamanic and ceremonial sound of that coast. A named drum in that ethnography, not huehuetl/teponaztli as Nahua drums and not a parade-band dump.

    from John R. Swanton · Tlingit Myths and Texts, 1909

    appears in · sourced · documented

  • Drum is used in Medicine.

    Swanton’s Tlingit Myths and Texts treat the drum as an instrument used in shamanic healing and power work of that coast. Drum used in that medicine practice, not Nahua huehuetl rite alone and not appears_in northwest attestation alone.

    from John R. Swanton · Tlingit Myths and Texts, 1909

    used in · sourced · documented

European folklore

  • Timpani is historically related to Drum.

    Grove’s Dictionary seats timpani (kettledrums) among tuned orchestral drums in the drum family of European practice. A named timpani in that music-dictionary frame, not a snare-drum and not a tabor folk drum alone.

    from George Grove (editor) · Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1879–1889 (early editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Snare drum is historically related to Drum.

    Grove’s Dictionary seats the side / snare drum among military and orchestral drums with snares in the drum family. A named snare-drum in that music-dictionary frame, not timpani and not a cable-snare trap.

    from George Grove (editor) · Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1879–1889 (early editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Tabor is historically related to Drum.

    Grove’s Dictionary seats the tabor among small folk and pipe-and-tabor drums of European practice in the drum family. A named tabor in that music-dictionary frame, not a snare-drum alone and not a bodhran.

    from George Grove (editor) · Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1879–1889 (early editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

sources