Source citation ledger
Epic of Gilgamesh
translation · c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
The Epic of Gilgamesh, Standard Babylonian version (flood tablet; underworld material).
Standard Babylonian version
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Mesopotamian tradition
Water is associated with Flood.
The Gilgamesh flood is water as world-covering disaster, survived by Utnapishtim. It is not baptism and not Daoist softness.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Water is associated with Underworld.
Gilgamesh’s journeys include waters that bound the world of the dead and the far-away. Mesopotamian waters of the dead are not the Styx by another name until later readers say so.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Underworld appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s underworld material is a Mesopotamian below. It is not Xibalba’s ballcourt of trials.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Flood appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
Utnapishtim’s flood is told inside Gilgamesh. It is a Mesopotamian survival story with a boat and a later hush.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Mesopotamian tradition is connected to Death.
Gilgamesh’s poem is preoccupied with death after Enkidu. Mesopotamian tradition here meets death as an epic problem, not an Egyptian weighing.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Descent appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
Gilgamesh’s journeys include waters and a far-away of the dead. The descent is a Mesopotamian epic problem.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Dream appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
Gilgamesh’s epic treats dreams as narrative foreknowledge: Gilgamesh’s meteor-and-axe dreams are read as signs of Enkidu, and Enkidu’s dream carries knowledge of the dead. That is Mesopotamian epic material, not Artemidorus’s Greek handbook.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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Cedar appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
The Standard Babylonian Gilgamesh epic sends Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest to cut timber and face Humbaba. A named cedar-expedition in that poem, not Dioscorides’ kedros and not Yggdrasil.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
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