Pliny’s Natural History treats emerald (smaragdus) among green stones used in eye-rest and related remedies. A Roman-era pharmacological attestation of the green stone, not a jewelry dump alone and not malachite.
Herodotus at Tyre describes temple pillars, one of gold and one of emerald stone that shines by night. A named emerald in that traveler’s Hellenic inquiry, not a generic green-gem dump and not Egyptian mine speech alone.