Fox

Shinto

• Fox resembles Kitsune.

  Kitsune is a fox. Japanese shrine-fox and European fox-story share a species, not a spirit and not one omen.

  from Ō no Yasumaro (compiler); Donald L. Philippi (translation) · Kojiki, 712 CE; Philippi trans. 1968

  resembles · partially sourced · culturally specific

• Inari is associated with Fox.

  Inari shrines are attended by foxes. The animal is a messenger in that cult, not a European omen-fox.

  from Ō no Yasumaro (compiler); Donald L. Philippi (translation) · Kojiki, 712 CE; Philippi trans. 1968

  associated with · interpretive · culturally specific

European folklore

• Fox appears in European folklore.

  European tale-foxes (Reynard and kin) are a different literature from kitsune.

  appears in · interpretive · culturally specific

• Fox is used in Medicine.

  Pliny’s Natural History treats the fox among land animals whose parts enter Roman pharmacological speech. A named fox in that encyclopedia, not kitsune / Inari already walked and not a European-folklore slogan alone.

  from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

  used in · sourced · documented

Nahua tradition

• Fox appears in Nahua tradition.

  Sahagún’s Florentine Codex Book 11 records fox among four-footed animals beside coyote chapters — named fox natural-history speech. A colonial-era Nahua ethnographic attestation, not a pan-Mesoamerican essence and not an unfiltered pre-invasion voice.

  from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577

  appears in · sourced · culturally specific

Hellenic religion

• Fox appears in Hellenic religion.

  Pausanias recounts the Teumessian fox among Boeotian local myth in the Description. A named fox in that periegesis, not kitsune resemblance already stored and not European folklore fox alone.

  from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

  appears in · sourced · documented