element
Metal
Worked ore as a class and, in some Chinese five-phase schemes, a phase among others. Phase-metal and forge-metal should not be collapsed.
Hellenic religion
Metal appears in Hellenic religion.
Hesiod’s Theogony has the Cyclopes forge Zeus’s thunderbolt as worked sky-metal. A named Hellenic metal craft in that cosmogony, not keraunos as the finished bolt already walked and not adamant as the sickle material.
from Hesiod · Theogony, c. 700 BCE
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Chinese tradition
Metal appears in Chinese tradition.
Wilhelm’s Yijing correlative phase speech seats metal among the working powers neighboring the hexagram world. A named metal-phase neighbor in that classic, not unpublished metal-element as a second id and not ore as a mine dump.
from Richard Wilhelm / Cary F. Baynes (translation) · I Ching (Yijing), Wilhelm 1924; Baynes English 1950
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Alchemy
Niello is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats the black silver-sulfide inlay mass rubbed into engraved lines on silver and related metals. A named niello in that goldsmith craft, not enamel fused glass alone and not patina as surface film alone.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Graver is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats the hand-pushed sharpened steel cutter for engraving metal before niello and ornament. A named graver in that goldsmith craft, not a chasing-hammer and not a burin as the lozenge-tip plate tool alone.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Burin is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats lozenge- and square-tipped engraving tools among goldsmith cutters continuous with later burin speech. A named burin in that metal-engraving craft, not an etching-needle and not a bare chisel dump.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Hard solder is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats higher-melting brass and silver joins for goldsmith seams. A named hard-solder in that metal craft, not soft-solder tin-lead and not the vague solder class alone already walked under Agricola.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Soft solder is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats low-melting tin-lead joins for seams that must not take hard-solder heat. A named soft-solder in that metal craft, not hard-solder and not silver-solder.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Silver solder is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats silver-bearing hard joins for jewelry and pipe seams among goldsmith solders. A named silver-solder in that metal craft, not soft-solder and not pure silver stock alone.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Chasing hammer is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats light hammers for chasing and punching ornament on goldsmith work held in pitch. A named chasing-hammer in that metal craft, not a raising-hammer for hollow ware and not a planishing-hammer for smoothing alone.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Pitch bowl is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats the bowl of warmed pitch that holds sheet metal while the goldsmith chases and punches. A named pitch-bowl in that metal craft, not plant pitch as fuel/resin alone and not a bare bowl dump.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Casting wax is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats wax models and wax preparations for casting metalwork and bells. A named casting-wax in that metal craft, not beeswax-polish furniture wax and not lost-wax-medium as the whole process name alone.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Lost wax medium is used in Metal.
Theophilus’s On Divers Arts Book III seats lost-wax casting of metal figures and vessels continuous with later lost-wax-medium speech. A named lost-wax-medium in that metal craft, not casting-wax as the wax stock alone and not ceramic casting-slip.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Ball-peen hammer is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the peening hammer with a hemispherical peen opposite a flat face among metalworker’s hammers. A named ball-peen-hammer in that metal craft, not a cross-peen-hammer and not a claw-hammer.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Raising hammer is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the cross-peened hammer for raising sheet into hollow vessels over a stake among sheet-metal tools. A named raising-hammer in that metal craft, not a planishing-hammer and not a chasing-hammer.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Planishing hammer is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the polished-face hammer for smoothing raised sheet metal among sheet-metal tools. A named planishing-hammer in that metal craft, not a raising-hammer and not a flatter.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Rolling mill is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats pairs or trains of rolls that reduce and shape metal stock among mill machines. A named rolling-mill in that metal craft, not a drawplate and not a stamp-mill ore battery.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Micrometer is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the screw-driven precision caliper for fine thickness and diameter among metalworker’s gauges. A named micrometer in that metal craft, not a vernier-caliper alone and not a wire-gauge.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Vernier caliper is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the sliding caliper with a vernier scale for inside, outside, and depth reads among metalworker’s gauges. A named vernier-caliper in that metal craft, not a micrometer alone and not outside-calipers alone.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Feeler gauge is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the set of thin graduated leaves for measuring narrow gaps and clearances among metalworker’s gauges. A named feeler-gauge in that metal craft, not a wire-gauge and not a depth-gauge.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Surface plate is used in Metal.
Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary seats the precision flat reference plate for layout and gauging among metalworker’s surface tools. A named surface-plate in that metal craft, not a height-gauge alone and not a carpenter’s square.
from Edward H. Knight · American Mechanical Dictionary, 1876
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Étui is historically related to Metal.
Mollett’s Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology seats Etui in the material and craft neighborhood of metal as material. Etui historically related to metal by that shared workshop path, not a forced identity merge and not a modern brand SKU dump.
from J. W. Mollett · Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, 1883
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Medallion is historically related to Metal.
Mollett’s Medallion seats the circular relief or painted roundel Medallion historically related to metal as material, not a free synonym dump and not a forced identity merge.
from J. W. Mollett · Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, 1883
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Patina is historically related to Metal.
Mollett’s Dictionary seats patina among the oxidised surface that forms on bronze and other metals. Patina historically related to metal as the aged surface, not a free varnish coat alone and not green paint dump.
from J. W. Mollett · Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, 1883
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Pinchbeck is historically related to Metal.
Mollett’s Pinchbeck seats the zinc-copper alloy imitating gold — pinchbeck speech, not free gold alone.
from J. W. Mollett · Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology, 1883
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Dispensing scale is historically related to Metal.
Dunglison seats the dispensing scale among metal balances used to weigh powders and doses in the shop. Dispensing scale historically related to metal as the balance furniture, not a free bathroom scale dump and not a measuring glass alone.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
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sources
- Theogony · Hesiod
Hesiod, Theogony.
- I Ching (Yijing) · Richard Wilhelm / Cary F. Baynes (translation)
The I Ching or Book of Changes, trans. Richard Wilhelm, English Cary F. Baynes.
- On Divers Arts · Theophilus Presbyter
Theophilus, On Divers Arts (De diversis artibus / Schedula diversarum artium).
- American Mechanical Dictionary · Edward H. Knight
Edward H. Knight, American Mechanical Dictionary (1876).
- Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology · J. W. Mollett
J. W. Mollett, An Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology (1883).
- Medical Lexicon · Robley Dunglison
Robley Dunglison, Medical Lexicon (Dictionary of Medical Science).