Soul

Egyptian religion

• Soul appears in Egyptian religion.

  Egyptian funerary texts work with named aspects of a person that must be kept whole. English “soul” is a blunt word for that equipment.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Soul is associated with Duat.

  The Book of the Dead places a weighing in the below. What is weighed is an Egyptian heart-and-person, not a later Christian soul on a scale.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Soul is associated with Anubis.

  Anubis’s care is of a body that must remain a person. English soul is blunt for that Egyptian equipment.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Soul is associated with Death.

  Soul-talk is often talk about what death does not finish. The claim is local even when the word is reused.

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• Soul is associated with Mirror.

  Later moralists treat a mirror as a picture of the self. The moral is later than water and obsidian; keep it interpretive.

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• Soul appears in Astrology.

  Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos treats qualities of the soul among nativity chapters of judicial astrology. A named soul in that handbook, not Egyptian ka/ba identity and not a bare psyche slogan dump.

  from Claudius Ptolemy · Tetrabiblos, c. 150 CE

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• Air is associated with Soul.

  Breath and soul share words in more than one language. The overlap is linguistic and local; it is not a proof that air is a person.

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• Dream is associated with Soul.

  Some books treat dreams as what a soul does while the body sleeps. Artemidorus is more a classifier of images than a metaphysician of soul; keep the pairing interpretive.

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• Immortality is associated with Soul.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, without admitting the absurdity of the natural immortality of the human soul, that essence is still constituted immortal in a peculiar sense of continued duration — immortality is argued of that soul essence.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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Islam

• Soul appears in Islam.

  The Qur’an names the nafs (soul/self) among what is sworn by, judged, and urged to purity. Islamic soul speech in that revelation, not Egyptian soul-weight already walked and not spirit as rūḥ alone.

  from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE

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Roman religion

• Soul appears in Roman religion.

  Virgil’s Aeneid Book 6 seats souls among the shades Aeneas meets and the anima speech of the underworld parade. A named soul in that epic, not Egyptian soul-weight restated and not a psychology dump.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

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Nahua tradition

• Soul appears in Nahua tradition.

  Sahagún’s Florentine Codex records tonalli, teyolia, and related soul-force speech among personhood, fate, and death ethnography — named soul concepts in colonial Nahua report. A colonial-era Nahua ethnographic attestation, not a pan-Mesoamerican essence and not an unfiltered pre-invasion voice.

  from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577

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Dominicans

• Beatific Vision appears in Soul.

  The Summa Theologica treats the beatific vision as the soul’s final direct seeing of God. A named beatific-vision in that Latin eschatology of the soul, not theosis as divinization process alone and not paradise as a garden-seat alone.

  from Thomas Aquinas · Summa Theologica, 1265–1274

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• Particular Judgment appears in Soul.

  The Summa Theologica treats particular judgment as the soul’s judgment at death. A named particular-judgment in that Latin eschatology of the soul, not general-judgment as the public end tribunal.

  from Thomas Aquinas · Summa Theologica, 1265–1274

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