Source citation ledger
Book of the Dead
Raymond O. Faulkner (translation)
translation · New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
Raymond O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.
The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Egyptian religion
Thoth belongs to Egyptian religion.
Funerary texts name Thoth as scribe and reckoner among the gods of the Egyptian dead.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Thoth is associated with Knowledge.
In the Book of the Dead Thoth records and calculates. The knowledge is literacy and judgment in a funerary court, not Greek rhetoric.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Thoth is associated with Moon.
Egyptian tradition associates Thoth with the moon and with measuring time. The moon here is a reckoner’s light, not a Hellenistic natal planet.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Thoth is associated with Underworld.
Thoth is present at the weighing of the dead. The underworld is the Egyptian Duat of the spells, not Hades or Xibalba.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Sun is associated with Rebirth.
Egyptian funerary hope is bound to the sun’s daily rising. That daily return is not the same claim as a later European “rebirth” slogan.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Serpent is associated with Death.
Egyptian tradition treats Apep as a serpent of chaos opposed to the sun’s order. Danger here is cosmic opposition, not Asklepian healing and not a feathered serpent of wind.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Apep’s opposition is to the sun’s night journey. Keep this hostility separate from the Nahua feathered serpent, which is not an enemy of the sun in the same plot.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
opposed to · partially sourced · culturally specific
Eye appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian funerary equipment and spells use the wedjat-eye as a restoring and protective mark. It is an Egyptian eye, not the folk “evil eye.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian theology can treat the sun as an eye of a god. That solar eye is not the Mediterranean charm against envy.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Eye is associated with Knowledge.
The restored eye in Egyptian myth is a recovery of order and sight. Knowledge here is restored function, not Hermetic gnosis.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Death is associated with Rebirth.
Egyptian funerary spells work for a justified dead who may go forth by day. That hope is Egyptian, not a generic cycle.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Rebirth appears in Egyptian religion.
Going forth by day after judgment is an Egyptian funerary hope. It should not be used to caption every spring or every snake-shed.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Rebirth is associated with Underworld.
The dead in Egyptian spells travel a below that is also a solar night road. Rebirth and underworld meet there as an Egyptian itinerary.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Underworld appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead maps a below with gates, gods, and a weighing. That Duat is Egyptian.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The wedjat is among the marks meant to keep a dead person whole. Protection against damage in the tomb is not the folk blighting glance.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Moon appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian religion gives the moon to Thoth’s measure. Visiting the moon should also reach Egypt, not only Ptolemy.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Sun appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian funerary and temple religion is solar in a way Ptolemy’s sun-as-planet is not.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Time is associated with Thoth.
Egyptian tradition treats Thoth as a measurer of times. The measure is a scribal-lunar office, not Saturn’s delay.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian temple and funerary religion treats the sun as Ra’s course. The god and the star meet there as an Egyptian itinerary.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian tradition treats Thoth as the scribe of the gods. Writing here is a funerary and temple literacy, not the Hermetic treatise’s boast.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Book appears in Egyptian religion.
English calls a shifting funerary corpus the Book of the Dead. The “book” is a modern title for spells meant to go with a body.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Soul appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian funerary texts work with named aspects of a person that must be kept whole. English “soul” is a blunt word for that equipment.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead places a weighing in the below. What is weighed is an Egyptian heart-and-person, not a later Christian soul on a scale.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian myth has Isis search for and restore Osiris. The plot is a royal-funerary one, not a Greek Demeter search copied backwards.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Isis belongs to Egyptian religion.
Isis belongs to Egyptian temple and funerary religion as the spells and later cults remember her.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Isis is associated with Knowledge.
Isis is a speaker of effective words in Egyptian tradition. The knowledge is effective speech, not Hermetic gnosis.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
associated with · partially sourced · culturally specific
Ra belongs to Egyptian religion.
Ra is the sun as an Egyptian god. The identification is the religion’s, not a later planetary correspondence.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The sun’s night journey is mapped through the Duat in funerary literature. That below is a solar road as well as a tomb geography.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Ra is associated with Rebirth.
The sun’s rising is the pattern Egyptian funerary hope borrows. Daily return is not a later European rebirth slogan.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Anubis belongs to Egyptian religion.
Anubis belongs to the craft of the Egyptian dead as the spells and tomb-images remember him.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Anubis is associated with Death.
Anubis is a god of the body’s care after death. The job is embalming and guiding in an Egyptian tomb, not a generic reaper.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Anubis is associated with Duat.
Funerary texts place Anubis in the business of the below. The Duat is his working geography.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Osiris is associated with Rebirth.
Osiris is restored after dismemberment in Egyptian myth. The restoration is a royal-funerary plot, not a snake-shed.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Osiris is associated with Duat.
The justified dead may join Osiris’s condition. The below is an Egyptian court and field, not Hades.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Osiris is associated with Green.
Some Egyptian images give Osiris a green face. Green here is a funerary color of restored life, not ordinary leaf-theology.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Osiris is associated with Death.
Osiris is a dead god who remains a king of the dead. Death and kingship meet in that Egyptian office.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Apep’s opposition is to the sun’s order. Danger here is an Egyptian night-road hostility, not Asklepian medicine.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
opposed to · partially sourced · culturally specific
Nile appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian life and kingship are bound to the Nile’s inundation in temple and later description. The river is Egyptian geography, not a generic sacred water.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Nile is associated with Osiris.
Later Egyptian religion can join Osiris to the river’s life. The pairing is an Egyptian agricultural-funerary meeting, not a Greek river-god.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Duat belongs to Egyptian religion.
The Duat is mapped in Egyptian funerary spells. It is not Hades and not Xibalba.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Duat is connected to Underworld.
Duat is one underworld. Connecting the names is a comparative convenience; they remain two places.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Duat is associated with Thoth.
Thoth records and calculates in the weighing of the dead. The Duat is his working court in those spells.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Duat is associated with Death.
The Egyptian below is a geography for a dead person who must still act. Death here is a passage with gates, not a stop.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Duat is associated with Rebirth.
Going forth by day after the below is an Egyptian funerary hope. The itinerary is Egyptian.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Descent is associated with Osiris.
Egyptian funerary hope is a going through the below toward Osiris’s condition. The itinerary is a descent with a solar night road.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Blue appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian faience and some amulets use a blue-green glaze. The color is a made sky-and-water, not a later Marian cloth.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Thoth’s office is literacy. Visiting Thoth should reach writing as an Egyptian craft, not only “knowledge” as a blur.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Thoth is associated with Duat.
The weighing in the spells is a Duat scene. Keep the geography named, not only “underworld.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Rebirth is associated with Osiris.
Egyptian rebirth-talk in the spells is often a joining to Osiris’s condition. The god is the local name of that hope.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Underworld is connected to Duat.
Walking the underworld page should reach Duat as a named Egyptian instance, not an alias.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Writing appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian funerary religion is a literate technology of spells. Writing is the craft of that below, not a later occult alphabet.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Soul is associated with Anubis.
Anubis’s care is of a body that must remain a person. English soul is blunt for that Egyptian equipment.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Ushabti appears in Egyptian religion.
Faulkner’s Book of the Dead includes the shabti spell that sends the figure to work for the dead. A named funerary servant-figure of that corpus, not scarab and not a canopic jar.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Djed appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead includes spells of the djed-pillar, the backbone-sign of Osiris. A named funerary pillar of that corpus, not a generic column and not the ushabti worker.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Uraeus appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead names the uraeus as the cobra of the brow among protective signs. A funerary-corpus cobra-emblem, not Wedjat the eye and not a generic serpent.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Tyet appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead gives the tyet, the knotted amulet of Isis, its own protective spell. A named funerary tie in that corpus, not the ankh and not a generic knot-diagram.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Heart scarab appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead gives the heart-scarab its own spell so the heart will not testify against the dead. A named funerary beetle-amulet, not a generic scarab and not an ushabti.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Mandjet appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead names Mandjet, the day-barque of Re’s sky-crossing. A named solar boat in that corpus, not Mesektet the night-barque and not Userhat the Theban festival bark.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Mesektet appears in Egyptian religion.
The Book of the Dead names Mesektet, the night-barque of Re’s underworld crossing. A named night-boat in that corpus, not Mandjet the day-barque and not Userhat.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead treats the tyet-knot as Isis’s blood-sign among the dead. A named knot of that goddess, not the djed, and not a generic amulet.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead treats the djed-pillar as Osiris’s backbone-sign. A named pillar of that god, not the tyet, and not a generic column.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead names the Mandjet as Ra’s day barque. A named solar boat of that god, not the Mesektet, and not a generic ship.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead names the Mesektet as Ra’s night barque. A named night boat of that god, not the Mandjet, and not a generic ship.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead treats the uraeus as the rearing cobra of Ra’s brow. A named royal-solar cobra of that god, not a generic serpent, and not Wadjet as a second unpublished goddess-flatten.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The Book of the Dead sends the ushabti to answer for the dead in the fields of Osiris. A named funerary servant of that god’s estate, not the heart-scarab, and not a generic tomb-doll.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian religion · Nile valley
The wedjat is a restored eye in Egyptian imagery. It is a specific sign, not every drawing of an eye.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
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Lotus appears in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian art and funerary texts use the lotus as a Nile plant of rising and of offering. A valley flower, not padma’s later Indian jobs.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The plant is a water plant of the Egyptian valley in that imagery. Geography first.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Lotus is associated with Rebirth.
Egyptian funerary imagery can tie the lotus to rising with the sun. That is a Nile grammar of renewal, not a Buddhist lotus-seat.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Ankh belongs to Egyptian religion.
The ankh is an Egyptian hieroglyph and amulet of life. Faulkner’s funerary corpus is one home of the sign.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Ankh is associated with Rebirth.
The sign writes life. Funerary hope and offering scenes use it; that is not a later occult “key of the mysteries.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Scarab belongs to Egyptian religion.
Scarab seals and amulets belong to Egyptian solar and funerary grammar. Khepri’s beetle is not a later “rebirth crystal.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
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Scarab is associated with Sun.
The beetle rolling a ball was read as the sun’s becoming. An Egyptian image, not a generic scarab of jewelry shops.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Wedjat belongs to Egyptian religion.
The restored eye is Egyptian. Plutarch’s Greek essay is secondary; the sign is still not a generic sticker.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
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Thoth can be shown as an ibis. A Nile bird in a temple grammar, not a later scribal mascot.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE; Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Incense is used in Egyptian religion.
Egyptian offering scenes include incense. A Nile temple technique, not a later shop’s “cleanse the room.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Nile valley contains Nile.
The inhabited valley is the river’s course. Egyptian facts belong here before they belong to Egyptomania.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE
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Egyptian religion appears in Nile valley.
Temple and funerary religion of the valley. Later European fashion is another century.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE
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Scarab is associated with Rebirth.
Khepri’s becoming is a solar becoming. Egyptian, not a crystal-shop rebirth.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Wedjat is associated with Healing.
The restored eye is a restored whole. Healing as a completed sign, not a later clinical metaphor.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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Egyptian imagery can open the lotus with the sun’s rising. A valley grammar of daybreak.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
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The plant grows in water. Egyptian and Indian jobs both start from a water plant without sharing a theology.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Burton Watson (translation) · The Lotus Sutra, 1993 (this translation); Sanskrit/Chinese recensions much older
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