Hearth

• Hearth contains Fire.

  The hearth is where a household fire is kept. Domestic cult and cooking can share the stones.

  contains · interpretive · documented

• Cauldron is associated with Hearth.

  A cauldron belongs over a fire. The household fact is older than the tale that makes the pot revive a warrior.

  associated with · interpretive · culturally specific

Roman religion

• Hearth appears in Roman religion.

  Roman household religion keeps Vesta and the hearth among its cares. The public Vesta is a civic expansion of that care, not a Greek Hestia copied wholesale in this record.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

  appears in · partially sourced · culturally specific

• Roman religion is used in Hearth.

  Roman religion cares for a civic and household fire. Virgil inherits a Troy-to-Latium hearth as a token of continuity.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

  used in · partially sourced · documented

Celtic tradition

• Hearth is associated with Brigid.

  Later Irish remembrance keeps a fire in Brigid’s care. The hearth is a local kept flame, not Vesta’s civic round.

  associated with · interpretive · culturally specific

• Hearth appears in Celtic tradition.

  The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats the hearth among Manawydan’s household craft-life after the courts fall away. A named hearth in that Welsh prose, not altar as a temple dump and not cauldron as the vessel already walked to Celtic tradition.

  from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007

  appears in · sourced · documented

• Brigid is associated with Hearth.

  A kept fire belongs to a household or a sanctuary hearth. The association is later Irish, not a proof of a pan-European hearth-goddess.

  associated with · interpretive · culturally specific

Hellenic religion

• Hearth appears in Hellenic religion.

  Pausanias notes civic and sanctuary hearths among prytaneion and Hestia-neighbor speech. A named hearth in that periegesis, not a kitchen dump alone and not every fire-altar flatten onto altar already walked.

  from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

  appears in · sourced · documented

Norse tradition

• Hearth appears in Norse tradition.

  Hávamál and hall poems in the Poetic Edda seat the hearth among guest-fire and household speech. A named hearth in that corpus, not forge as the smithing hearth already walked and not every temple altar dump.

  from Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation) · Poetic Edda, medieval Icelandic compilation; Larrington trans. 1996/2014

  appears in · sourced · documented

Mesopotamian tradition

• Hearth appears in Mesopotamian tradition.

  The Epic of Gilgamesh seats domestic fireplaces among Uruk house and feast speech beside the city’s baked-brick world. A named hearth in that epic’s house neighborhood, not forge as the smithing hearth alone and not kiln as the industrial furnace alone.

  from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)

  appears in · sourced · documented

Northwest Coast tradition

• Hearth appears in Northwest Coast tradition.

  Swanton’s Tlingit Myths and Texts seat the household fire-place among house life, feast, and story of that coast. A named hearth in that ethnography, not a temple altar dump and not Gilgamesh hearth alone.

  from John R. Swanton · Tlingit Myths and Texts, 1909

  appears in · sourced · documented

European folklore

• Frying pan is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the frying-pan among open-fire and range pans for frying and sauté in household cookery. A named frying-pan in that hearth cookery frame, not a griddle alone and not a wok.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Dutch oven is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats covered iron baking and stewing pots among hearth and range cookery — the household dutch-oven neighborhood of pot-roasting and baking beside the fire. A named dutch-oven in that hearth frame, not a casserole dish alone and not an earth-oven.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Warming pan is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the warming-pan among brass or copper pans filled from the hearth to warm beds in household economy. A named warming-pan in that hearth-domestic frame, not a chafing-dish at table and not a hot-water bottle alone.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Cooking trammel is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats adjustable pot-hangers and trammels among hearth gear that suspends pots at chosen height over the fire. A named cooking-trammel in that hearth frame, not a fireplace-crane alone and not a fishing trammel-net.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Pot hook is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats pot-hooks among S-hooks and hangers that hold kettles and pots from the hearth crane or trammel. A named pot-hook in that hearth frame, not a meat-hook alone and not a fireplace-crane.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Trivet is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the trivet among three-legged stands that hold pans and kettles over hearth coals or beside the grate. A named trivet in that hearth frame, not a gridiron alone and not a spider-skillet.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Fireplace crane is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the swinging fireplace crane among hearth ironwork that carries pots into and out of the fire. A named fireplace-crane in that hearth frame, not a well-crane and not a cooking-trammel alone.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Ash pan is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the ash-pan among grate fittings that catch ash under the household fire. A named ash-pan in that hearth frame, not a dust-pan alone and not a warming-pan.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Hearth fender is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the fender among low guards before the hearth that keep coals and ash from the carpet. A named hearth-fender in that hearth frame, not a fire-screen alone and not a bumper fender of a ship.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Fire shovel is used in Hearth.

  Beeton’s Book of Household Management seats the fire-shovel among fire-irons for lifting ash and coals at the household hearth. A named fire-shovel in that hearth frame, not a garden spade and not fire-tongs alone.

  from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

  used in · sourced · documented

• Fire screen is historically related to Hearth.

  Sheraton’s Dictionary seats the fire screen among pole and cheval screens of cabinet furniture speech placed before the hearth. A named fire screen in that trade, not a hand-screen as the small personal fan alone and not a looking-glass.

  from Thomas Sheraton · The Cabinet Dictionary, 1803

  historically related to · sourced · documented