tradition
Celtic tradition
The vernacular literatures and later-recorded beliefs of Celtic-speaking peoples. Welsh prose and Irish saga are related families, not one pagan church.
Also known as Welsh tradition · Irish tradition
Meetings with this tradition
object · 44
Ring appears in Celtic tradition.
Welsh and Irish stories give rings as recognition-tokens and gifts. The object is a plot device in those literatures, not a Roman wedding-law.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · partially sourced · culturally specific
Cauldron appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion and related Irish tales give some cauldrons extra work: plenty, revival, or a forbidden food. The pot is a Welsh or Irish story-object.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Prydwen appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion names Prydwen as Arthur’s ship. A named Welsh vessel in that tale, not Skidbladnir, not Naglfar, and not a later list-shield under the same name.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Fidchell appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion names gwyddbwyll, the Welsh board-game kin filed here under fidchell, among the play of that tale-world. A named Celtic board in that collection, not hnefatafl and not chess.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Torque appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War reports torques, the rigid neck-rings of Gaulish practice, among the spoils and dress of that war. A named Celtic neck-ring in that Roman report, not an armlet and not a diadem.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Carwennan appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion names Carwennan among Arthur’s arms as the knife. A named Welsh Culhwch blade in that tale, not Excalibur, not Clarent, and not an Irish saga knife.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Rhongomiant appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion names Rhongomiant among Arthur’s arms as the spear. A named Welsh Culhwch spear in that tale, not Gáe Bulg, not the Spear of Lugh, and not a generic lance dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Sword appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats swords among Arthur’s arms and the anoethau — Caledfwlch named, Wrnach’s sword sought. A named sword in that Welsh prose, not Excalibur as a later romance flatten and not Carwennan as the knife already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Shield appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion names Wynebgwrthucher among Arthur’s arms as the shield. A named shield in that Welsh prose, not aspis or scutum type-names and not Prydwen as the ship already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Cup appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast scenes — Branwen’s court, Pwyll’s halls, and neighboring branches — seat cups among the drinking-gear of Welsh prose hospitality. A named cup in that collection, not the Grail dump and not cauldron as the rebirth-vessel already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Crown appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats crowns among the marks of rule in the courts of Pwyll, Branwen’s Britain and Ireland, and neighboring kingship scenes. A named crown in that Welsh prose, not a diadem as the brow-band alone and not every later royal dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Throne appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats thrones and high-seats among the ruling furniture of Welsh courts — Pwyll’s hall, Bran’s assembly, Arthur’s court in Culhwch. A named throne in that prose, not Siege Perilous and not Round Table as later romance furniture.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Staff appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Fourth Branch seats Math’s enchanting-rod among the means by which forms and geasa are set. A named staff/rod in that Welsh prose, not a generic walking-stick dump and not Rhongomiant as the spear already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Chariot appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen and neighboring Mabinogion court-travel speech seat chariots among war- and journey-carts of that Welsh prose world. A named chariot kind in that collection, not the Trioedd Chariot of Morgan as a list-treasure and not wagon as the heavier load-cart.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Plough appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats plough-work among Manawydan’s preparing of land before the wheat is sown. A named plough in that farming prose, not sickle as the harvest-blade alone and not a generic tool dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Sickle appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats harvest-cutting among the fate of Manawydan’s wheat before the mice strip the fields. A named sickle in that farming prose, not plough as the tillage tool already walked and not a Pliny Gaulish mistletoe-blade dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Linen appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats linen among the cloth of courts and dressed figures across the Four Branches and Culhwch’s gathering. A named linen in that Welsh prose, not wool as the fleece-cloth beside it and not silk as the romance luxury cloth.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Wool appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats wool among the fleece and cloth speech of Welsh court and household dress. A named wool in that collection, not linen as the plant-fiber cloth and not a textile-tool dump (loom/spindle entities not forced here).
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Silk appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s later romances — Owein, Peredur, Gereint — seat silk among the rich cloth of courts and riders. A named silk in that Welsh prose shelf, not linen or wool as the plainer cloths and not a Byzantine trade dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Diadem appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats brow-bands and royal head-gear among court adornment beside fuller crowns of rule. A named diadem in that Welsh prose, not crown as the fuller kingship mark already walked and not a torque as the neck-ring (Caesar-held).
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Wagon appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats wagons among load and travel carts beside the lighter war-chariot speech of Culhwch’s world. A named wagon in that Welsh prose, not chariot as the court/war cart already walked and not a generic wheel dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Tin appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 reports tin near the British coast among the metals of that island ethnography. A named tin in that Roman report, not Pliny medicine alone and not bronze as the imported alloy already seated beside it here.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Bronze appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 reports bronze as imported among the Britons, beside coastal tin in the same metal ethnography. A named bronze in that Roman report, not Virgil epic bronze alone and not tin as the coastal metal already seated beside it here.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Pearl appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 seats British pearls among the island’s products in that ethnography. A named pearl in that Roman report, not Virgil gift speech alone and not amber as a northern resin dump.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Cuirass appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats armored Gallic fighters (lorica-class body armor) among the war gear of that ethnography. A named cuirass/thorax seat in that Roman report, not Virgil Vulcan epic armor alone and not lorica-segmentata as a modern type-name.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Altar appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 6 seats Gallic sacrificial practice among Druidic rite speech in that ethnography. A named altar-kind presence in that Roman report, not Virgil Roman ara alone and not the Norse hörgr offerings row alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Amphora appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War reports Italian wine among goods merchants bring into Gaul; the amphora is the named transport jar of that wine trade in Roman material speech. A Celtic-facing amphora seat in that report, not Herodotus hellenic amphora alone and not Pliny roman encyclopedia alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Saddle appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats saddles among the horse-gear of Rhiannon’s otherworld riding and the court’s mounts. A named saddle in that Welsh prose, not a modern English-saddle type-name and not Caparison as later French horse-cloth.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Shears appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats shears between the ears of the great boar Twrch Trwyth among the anoethau. A named shears in that Welsh prose hunt-task, not kitchen-shears or sheep-shears type-names and not ornamental-comb as dress jewelry.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Hunting horn appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch opens on Pwyll’s hunt with horn-speech among the pack, and Culhwch’s world keeps hunt-horns among court chase gear. A named hunting-horn in that Welsh prose, not bugle as a later signal twin and not Gjallarhorn.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Turnshoe appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch has Manawydan take up cobbling and make shoes in the towns after the courts fall away. A named medieval turnshoe kind in that craft prose, not sandal as the refused type-name and not a bare modern oxford dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Platter appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast scenes — Branwen’s courts, Pwyll’s halls, Culhwch gathering — seat platters among the serving-gear of Welsh prose hospitality. A named platter in that collection, not feast-dish as the Northwest Coast trough and not cauldron as the rebirth-vessel already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Spur appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats spurred riding among the horse-gear of Rhiannon’s approach and Culhwch’s mounted court-world. A named spur in that Welsh prose, not a Vitruvius invent dump and not stirrup as the foot-iron alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Trencher appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast halls seat trenchers among the bread-and-meat serving boards of Welsh prose hospitality. A named trencher in that collection, not platter as the larger serving-dish alone and not feast-dish as the Northwest Coast trough.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Goblet appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast scenes seat goblets among the drinking-vessels of Welsh prose hospitality beside the already-walked cup. A named goblet in that collection, not the Grail dump and not flagon as the pouring vessel alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Flagon appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast scenes seat flagons among the pouring-vessels of Welsh prose hospitality. A named flagon in that collection, not goblet as the drinking-cup alone and not ewer as the wash-pitcher alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Ewer appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s court and feast scenes seat ewers among the wash-and-pour pitchers of Welsh prose hospitality. A named ewer in that collection, not flagon as the drink-pour vessel alone and not a later toilet-set dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Spit appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast halls seat roasting-spits among the cook-gear of Welsh prose hospitality. A named spit in that collection, not a saliva dump and not andiron as hearth furniture alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Threshing flail appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats grain harvest and floor-work among Manawydan’s wheat before the mice strip the fields. A named threshing-flail in that farming prose, not the military flail and not crook-and-flail Egyptian gear.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Reaping hook appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats harvest-cutting among the fate of Manawydan’s wheat. A named reaping-hook in that farming prose, not sickle as the already-walked harvest-blade alone and not billhook as hedging gear.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Headstall appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats headstalls among the bridle-frames of Rhiannon’s riding and Culhwch’s mounted court. A named headstall in that Welsh prose, not bridle as the already-met full assembly (Roman seat) alone and not Trioedd halter-of-clydno.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Coronet appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats lesser rank-crowns and brow circlets of rule among Welsh court adornment beside fuller crowns. A named coronet in that prose, not crown as the fuller kingship mark already walked and not diadem as the brow-band already walked.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Salver appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s feast scenes seat presentation trays among the serving-gear of Welsh prose hospitality. A named salver in that collection, not platter as the larger serving-dish alone and not trencher as the bread-board alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Stirrup appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s riding scenes — Rhiannon’s approach and Culhwch’s mounted court — sit in a medieval Welsh prose world that seats stirrups among ordinary mount gear. A named stirrup in that collection, not saddle as the seat alone and not a modern safety-stirrup dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
place · 7
Annwn belongs to Celtic tradition.
Annwn is a Welsh otherworld in the Mabinogion. It is a neighboring plenty and danger, not a Greek Hades.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
belongs to · sourced · culturally specific
Hearth appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch seats the hearth among Manawydan’s household craft-life after the courts fall away. A named hearth in that Welsh prose, not altar as a temple dump and not cauldron as the vessel already walked to Celtic tradition.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Hillfort appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats fortified hill oppida among the defended towns of Gaul and Britain. A named hillfort in that Roman ethnography, not a medieval bailey and not a bare hill landform alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Bog appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats peat bog and soft ground among British and Gallic wetland obstacles of campaign movement. A named bog in that ethnography, not marsh alone already roman-edged and not a fen flatten.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Fen appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats fenny low wetlands among the soft grounds that slow marches and hide retreats in Gaul and Britain. A named fen in that ethnography, not a swamp alone already roman-edged and not a bog flatten.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Moor appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats open moor and upland waste among British and northern Gallic campaign grounds beyond deep forest alone. A named moor in that ethnography, not a forest already walked and not a heath merge alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
Chase appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch and Culhwch seat the hunt-ground — Glyn Cuch woods and court chases — as the place of the pack. A named chase as hunting-ground kind in that Welsh prose, not deer-park as later enclosed parkland and not forest as the already-met landform alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
plant · 4
Woad is associated with Celtic tradition.
The dye is often hung on “the Celts” in later writing. Caesar’s Britons are his enemy-report; Irish and Welsh literatures are other files.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
associated with · partially sourced · historically uncertain
Mistletoe appears in Celtic tradition.
Pliny’s Natural History attests Gaulish Druids cutting mistletoe from oak. A Roman visitor’s report of Celtic rite, not oak the host-tree as this plant, and not a generic healing herb.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Oak appears in Celtic tradition.
Pliny’s Natural History attests that Gaulish Druids hold the oak sacred and cut mistletoe from it. A Roman visitor’s report of Celtic oak-rite, not timber as a generic hardwood and not the mistletoe itself.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Wheat appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Third Branch has Manawydan sow wheat fields that mice destroy before the harvest can stand. A named wheat in that Welsh prose, not barley as a second grain dump and not every later agricultural allegory.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
animal · 2
Horse appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats horses among Rhiannon’s otherworld riding and the court’s horse-gear. A named horse in that Welsh prose, not Sleipnir and not a generic cavalry dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Boar appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Culhwch and Olwen seats the great boar Twrch Trwyth among the impossible hunt-tasks. A named boar in that Welsh prose, not Ovid’s Calydonian boar and not a generic pig dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
motif · 2
Impossible task appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s Culhwch and Olwen sets Culhwch a long string of seemingly impossible tasks before Olwen’s hand. A named impossible-task run in that Welsh prose, not every quest checklist and not Irish saga tasks.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Calumniated wife appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch has Rhiannon falsely charged with destroying her own child — calumniated-wife speech in that Welsh prose. A named false-accusation episode, not every accused queen and not Irish Étaín.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
being · 1
King Arthur appears in Celtic tradition.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats Arthur as crowned head of the Welsh court Culhwch enters (Celliwig speech). A named king-arthur being in that Celtic prose cycle, not Malory’s Morte alone and not a minted Camelot dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
concept · 1
Celtic tradition is connected to Knowledge.
The Mabinogion is a medieval Welsh prose of otherworld, raid, and recognition. It is literature, not a field recording of a pagan church.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
connected to · sourced · culturally specific
deity · 1
Brigid belongs to Celtic tradition.
Brigid is remembered in Irish medieval sources as a figure of poetry, healing, and smithcraft. The record is Irish, not a pan-Celtic church.
belongs to · interpretive · historically uncertain
symbol · 1
Wheel appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats wheels among British war-chariots (esseda) and Gallic wagon trains in that campaign ethnography. A named wheel in that Roman report, not the hellenic/vedic/buddhist wheel seats alone and not chariot as the whole vehicle already celtic-edged from Mabinogion.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
appears in · sourced · culturally specific
text · 1
Mabinogion appears in Celtic tradition.
The Atlas source Mabinogion is the Welsh prose collection of Pwyll, Branwen, Manawydan, and other branches. A named Welsh prose cycle in Celtic tradition, not the Arthurian Grail shelf alone and not Irish Táin episodes.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Meetings in this tradition's context
object · 22
Cauldron is associated with Rebirth.
Some insular stories revive the dead in a cauldron, with limits. Revival here is a narrative technology, not Egyptian going-forth-by-day.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
associated with · partially sourced · culturally specific
The Mabinogion’s First Branch has Pwyll take Arawn’s shape and fight Hafgan with the arms of Annwn’s court. A named sword in that otherworld combat, not every Celtic sword dump and not Caledfwlch as Culhwch’s Arthur-blade alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats shields among the borrowed arms Pwyll wears in Arawn’s stead in Annwn. A named shield in that otherworld combat-gear, not Wynebgwrthucher as Culhwch’s Arthur-shield alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats cups among the feast-gear of Arawn’s otherworld court during Pwyll’s year in Annwn. A named cup in that Annwn hospitality, not Pair Dadeni as the rebirth-cauldron and not the Grail dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats the high-seat of rule in Arawn’s court while Pwyll holds Annwn for a year. A named throne in that otherworld kingship, not Siege Perilous and not Camelot furniture.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats crown and kingship marks in Arawn’s Annwn while Pwyll rules there in the other’s shape. A named crown in that otherworld rule, not every later royal dump and not diadem alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Sword appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats swords among Arthur’s named arms and the tasks of his court — Welsh Arthurian cycle speech, not the later Morte d’Arthur alone. A named sword in that Culhwch Arthuriana, not Excalibur as a French/English flatten.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Shield appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion names Wynebgwrthucher among Arthur’s arms — shield speech inside Welsh Arthurian cycle narrative. A named shield in that Culhwch Arthuriana, not Round Table furniture and not a classical aspis dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Chariot appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats chariots among the travel and war-gear of Arthur’s courtly hunt-world. A named chariot in that Welsh Arthurian prose, not the Trioedd Chariot of Morgan as a treasure-list edge.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Throne appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats Arthur’s court high-seat among the ruling furniture of that Welsh Arthurian gathering (Celliwig, not Camelot). A named throne in that Culhwch Arthuriana, not Siege Perilous and not Round Table.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Crown appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats Arthur as crowned head of the court that Culhwch enters — crown speech inside Welsh Arthurian cycle narrative. A named crown in that Culhwch kingship, not a later imperial dump and not diadem alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats drinking-cups among the feast-gear of the marriage quest’s close — wedding hospitality in that Welsh prose. A cup used in that wedding feast, not a sacred_to deity mint and not the Grail as a quest-object.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
used in · sourced · documented
Tin is historically related to Bronze.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 pairs coastal British tin with imported bronze in one metal ethnography of the island. A named historical relation of those metals in that report, not a modern alloy recipe dump and not medicine seats alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Coracle is historically related to Curragh.
Caesar’s Gallic War reports British hide boats; the Irish curragh is the neighboring Insular hide-boat cognate kept apart from that British coracle attestation. A historical relation of those craft forms, not a merge onto canoe and not a second coracle appears_in.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · historically uncertain
Chariot is historically related to Wheel.
Caesar’s Gallic War describes British war-chariots whose fighting turn depends on the wheel. A historical relation of chariot to wheel in that report, not a merge of the vehicle into the wheel hub and not Mabinogion chariot appears_in alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Wagon is historically related to Wheel.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats Helvetian and Gallic wagon trains on wheels in migration and baggage speech. A historical relation of wagon to wheel in that report, not a chariot flatten and not Pliny roman wagon alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Torque is historically related to Armlet.
Caesar’s Gallic War seats the torque as the rigid neck-ring of Gaulish adornment; the armlet is the neighboring arm-ring class of the same metal-ornament family. A historical relation of those ring-ornaments, not a merge and not a second torque appears_in.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Ring is historically related to Denarius.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 contrasts British currency of weighed bronze or iron rings with the coined money world of Roman speech. A historical relation of ring-currency to the denarius as named Roman silver coin, not a merge and not Mabinogion ring alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Pennon appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen seats banners and streamers among the courtly muster of Arthur’s Welsh following. A named pennon in that Culhwch Arthuriana, not a Roman vexillum dump and not gonfalon as later civic banner.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Selkie-skin is historically related to Sea.
Keightley seats the shed seal-skin of the selkie as the captive’s binding object — skin speech of seal-folk, not a generic fur dump.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Fairy Flag is historically related to Charm.
Keightley seats fairy flags among gifted fairy banners of Highland clans — fairy-gift charm speech, not a military gonfalon alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Keightley’s Celtic music asides seat the clàrsach as the Gaelic harp of fairy and bardic tale — harp use in that speech, not a modern concert harp alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
used in · sourced · documented
being · 7
Fae is historically related to Forest.
Keightley’s Fairy Mythology seats the fae / fairies among woodland and hill spirits of European romance — forest-folk speech, not a single banshee alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Aos sí is historically related to Mountain.
Keightley seats the aos sí / people of the sidhe among Irish fairy-mound dwellers Aos Si historically related to mountain and highland, not a free synonym dump and not a forced identity merge.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Dullahan is historically related to Death.
Keightley seats the dullahan among Irish headless riders as death-omens — death-rider speech, not a banshee wail alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Selkie is historically related to Sea.
Keightley seats selkies / seal-folk among Northern Isles water beings who shed skins — seal-folk speech, not a mermaid alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Each Uisge is historically related to Water.
Keightley seats the each-uisge as the Highland water-horse — water-horse speech, not a kelpie synonym dump alone if keep-apart holds.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cailleach is historically related to Mountain.
Keightley seats the Cailleach among Gaelic winter hag figures of hills and storms — mountain-hag speech, not a generic witch dump.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sìth is historically related to Mountain.
Keightley seats the sìth / fairy folk of Scottish Gaelic lore among mound and hill dwellers — sìth speech, not aos sí Irish alone as identical dump.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
place · 7
Annwn is connected to Underworld.
Annwn is one otherworld. The English word underworld is a blunt category; the Welsh place has its own rules of feast and raid.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
connected to · sourced · culturally specific
Annwn is associated with Cauldron.
Welsh story gives otherworld feasts and vessels a dangerous plenty. The cauldron belongs to that narrative economy.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
associated with · partially sourced · culturally specific
Annwn is associated with Descent.
A raid or a visit to Annwn is a going-into an other place. It is not Persephone’s taking and not a Duat weighing.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
associated with · sourced · culturally specific
Hearth is associated with Brigid.
Later Irish remembrance keeps a fire in Brigid’s care. The hearth is a local kept flame, not Vesta’s civic round.
associated with · interpretive · culturally specific
Menhir is historically related to Stone.
Keightley’s antiquarian asides seat menhirs among standing stones tied to fairy and giant lore — standing-stone speech, not a dolmen alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Dolmen is historically related to Stone.
Keightley seats dolmens among stone table-tombs in fairy and giant speech — dolmen speech, not a menhir alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cairn is historically related to Stone.
Keightley seats cairns among stone-heaps of burial and fairy lore — cairn speech, not a dolmen alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
ritual · 4
Beltane is historically related to Rite.
Keightley seats Beltane among Gaelic May fire festivals tied to fairy and cattle rites — festival rite speech, not Midsummer alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Samhain is historically related to Rite.
Keightley seats Samhain among Gaelic November-eve festivals when fairy doors open — festival rite speech, not Beltane alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Imbolc is historically related to Rite.
Keightley seats Imbolc among Gaelic early-spring festivals — festival rite speech, not Samhain alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Lughnasadh is historically related to Rite.
Keightley seats Lughnasadh among Gaelic harvest assemblies — harvest rite speech, not Imbolc alone.
from Thomas Keightley · The Fairy Mythology, 1828 (enlarged PD eds. mid-19th c.)
historically related to · sourced · documented
deity · 3
Brigid is associated with Healing.
Later Irish tradition gives Brigid a share in healing. That is not Asklepios’s Epidaurus.
associated with · interpretive · culturally specific
Brigid is associated with Fire.
Later stories keep a fire in Brigid’s keeping. The hearth-and-craft fire is Irish remembrance, not Vedic Agni.
associated with · interpretive · culturally specific
Brigid is associated with Hearth.
A kept fire belongs to a household or a sanctuary hearth. The association is later Irish, not a proof of a pan-European hearth-goddess.
associated with · interpretive · culturally specific
sources
- The Mabinogion · Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation)
The Mabinogion, trans. Sioned Davies.
- Gallic War · Julius Caesar
Caesar, Bellum Gallicum.
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- The Fairy Mythology · Thomas Keightley
Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology.