Libation

Hellenic religion

• Libation appears in Hellenic religion.

  Pausanias constantly describes poured offerings at Greek altars and tombs. A named libation in that periegesis, not offerings as the generic practice already walked and not a wine dump alone.

  from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

  appears in · sourced · documented

• Cup is used in Libation.

  The Iliad seats cups in σπονδή speech when heroes and elders pour wine to the gods before counsel, embassies, and oaths. A named cup used in Homeric libation, not Nestor’s dove-handled cup as identity and not a later kiddush cup.

  from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)

  used in · sourced · documented

• Altar is used in Libation.

  The Iliad seats altars where wine and sacrifice-pourings are made to Zeus and the other gods in camp and city rite. A named altar used in Homeric libation, not every later church altar and not altar→offerings as a Norse-edged flatten.

  from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)

  used in · sourced · documented

• Krater is used in Libation.

  The Iliad seats mixing-bowls from which wine is drawn for pouring and shared drink-offerings among Achaean fellowship and rite. A named krater used in Homeric libation, not a classical symposion dump alone and not every amphora.

  from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)

  used in · sourced · documented

• Washbasin is used in Libation.

  The Iliad seats χέρνιβα hand-washing before prayer and drink-offerings when leaders purify to address the gods. A named washbasin used toward that libation craft, not an ewer alone and not a baptismal font.

  from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)

  used in · sourced · documented

Vedic tradition

• Libation is used in Offerings.

  The Ṛgveda treats poured liquid gifts among the acts of sacrifice — soma and other pours sent in the rite. A named Vedic libation use in offerings, not Greek spondai alone and not KF incense churn.

  from Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation) · The Rigveda, 2014 (this translation); hymns much older

  used in · sourced · documented

Egyptian religion

• Libation is used in Egyptian religion.

  Plutarch’s On Isis and Osiris describes Egyptian drink-offerings and poured rites in Isis–Osiris cult — libation as a used practice in that treatise’s Egypt. A named libation use under this source, not KF offerings churn and not a missing wine id.

  from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE

  used in · sourced · culturally specific

Roman religion

• Libation appears in Roman religion.

  Virgil’s Aeneid seats poured drink-offerings at altars, tombs, and departure rites throughout the voyage and Italian war. Libation as a named pour-rite in that epic, not Pausanian hellenic libation alone and not cup/krater object walks restated.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

  appears in · sourced · documented

• Patera is used in Libation.

  Virgil’s Aeneid seats the patera as the shallow bowl from which wine and offering liquid are poured in landing and funeral libations. Patera used in libation practice in that epic, not cup/krater as already-filed vessels and not libation as the rite row alone.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

  used in · sourced · documented

• Libation is historically related to Wine.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the cup of salvation is taken as a libation of wine poured on the victim sacrificed on thanksgiving occasions — wine is poured as that libation.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Libation is historically related to Bread.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Hebrew libations poured on the victim consisted in offerings of bread, wine, and salt — the libation includes that bread.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Thanksgiving is used in Libation.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the cup of salvation is read as a libation of wine poured on the victim sacrificed on thanksgiving occasions under the Mosaic law — the libation finishes that thanksgiving thank-offering.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

  used in · sourced · documented