Source citation ledger
On Isis and Osiris
Plutarch
book · c. 100 CE
Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (Moralia).
These are separate Atlas meetings that cite this source. Citation is not proof.
Hellenic religion · Late antiquity
Plutarch’s treatise On Isis and Osiris is a Greek philosophical retelling of an Egyptian pair. It is a secondary meeting, not the spells of the dead, and should not be used as if it were an Old Kingdom handbook.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
connected to · partially sourced · culturally specific
Egyptian religion · Nile valley
The wedjat is a restored eye in Egyptian imagery. It is a specific sign, not every drawing of an eye.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
represents · sourced · documented
Scarab belongs to Egyptian religion.
Scarab seals and amulets belong to Egyptian solar and funerary grammar. Khepri’s beetle is not a later “rebirth crystal.”
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
belongs to · sourced · documented
Wedjat belongs to Egyptian religion.
The restored eye is Egyptian. Plutarch’s Greek essay is secondary; the sign is still not a generic sticker.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972; Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
belongs to · sourced · documented
Thoth can be shown as an ibis. A Nile bird in a temple grammar, not a later scribal mascot.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE; Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
sacred to · sourced · documented
Thoth is associated with Ibis.
The same pairing. Plutarch discusses Egyptian animal-signs as a Greek interpreter.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
associated with · sourced · documented
The bird belongs to the valley’s fauna in Egyptian sign. A Nile wader, not a Hermetic mascot.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Ibis is associated with Writing.
Thoth’s ibis is tied to writing in Egyptian grammar. The bird does not write; the god of the sign does.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
associated with · sourced · documented
Green appears in Nile valley.
Osiris’s green face is an Egyptian image of restored life. Keep it off Islamic green and off leaf-green.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Egyptian religion
Sistrum appears in Egyptian religion.
Plutarch’s On Isis and Osiris attests the sistrum as a metal rattle shaken in Isis cult. Egyptian cult music in a Greek treatise, not a bell and not every later revival rattle.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Plutarch’s Isis and Osiris treats the sistrum as Isis’s shaking rattle. A named cult-instrument of that goddess, not a generic bell, and not a sistrum dump onto every Egyptian rite.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
sacred to · sourced · documented