Beech

Roman religion

• Beech appears in Roman religion.

  Pliny’s Natural History seats beech among mast-bearing forest trees. A named beech in that encyclopedia, not oak as the Celtic Pliny tree already walked and not a modern furniture dump alone.

  from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

  appears in · sourced · documented

• Beech is used in Medicine.

  Cooley’s Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts seats Beech among the tools, materials, or practices of medical and pharmacy use. Beech used in that craft path, not a bare synonym for medicine and not a modern brand SKU dump.

  from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)

  used in · sourced · documented

• Beech is historically related to Ash.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, cupel material is especially suitable if it is the ash of beech wood or other slow-grown wood — beech is burned down into that ash for the cupels.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Beech is historically related to Timber.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, the mortar-box, which is made of oak or beech timber, is set up between the upright posts for wet stamps — beech is that timber box.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Beech is historically related to Beer.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, cupels from beech ashes are sprinkled with beer or water so the ashes stick together before grinding.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Beech is historically related to Copper.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, when copper is re-melted, beech-wood is put through an aperture beside the furnace mouth to feed the fire that remelts the copper into the forehearth and dipping-pot.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Fifteen is used in Beech.

  In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, to make glass one first cuts beech-wood logs, dries and burns them, and carefully collects the ash — beech ash is the starting charge of that glass make.

  from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century

  used in · sourced · documented

• Vinegar is historically related to Beech.

  In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, the graduation tub’s beech chips become impregnated with the vinegar ferment and supply its place in strong vinegar making — beech chips carry that vinegar ferment.

  from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)

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• Charcoal is historically related to Beech.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, a pit lined with pulverised charcoal is covered with thick dry pieces of beech wood before bismuth ore is thrown on to drip metal into the pit — charcoal sits under that beech fire.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented

• Pine is historically related to Beech.

  In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, when oak ashes are wanting for glass, two parts of the ashes of beech or pine are mixed with one part of sand and a little salt — pine ash is paired with that beech ash mix.

  from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912

  historically related to · sourced · documented