plant
Pine
Pine as a plant people have named and used. Evergreen, resin tear, high needle — one living kind, not a single symbol.
Pine is used in Medicine.
Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists pine (pitys/peuke) resin, nuts, and bark among drug materials, kept beside pitch without collapsing into the already-walked pitch row. A named pine in that handbook, not a timber dump alone.
from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE
used in · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Fir.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, the lack of fir and clear fir may be evaded by using cypress, poplar, elm, or pine — pine stands in for that fir in construction.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Cypress.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, cypress and pine both hold much moisture and warp in buildings, yet their bitter sap keeps them from rotting to a great age — pine stands with that cypress as lasting building timber.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Pitch.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, for black pigment they burn shavings and splinters of pitch pine until they turn to charcoal, then pound them with size — pitch pine is burned for that pigment.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Lead.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, if in cupellation the lead remains fixed under a skin for want of heat, a dry pine stick is put into the mixture and drawn away when heated — pine is used to heat that lead.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, some miners employ pitch pine for lead and especially tin when seeking to discover the veins with the forked rod — pine is used for that tin vein.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Charcoal.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, shavings and splinters of pitch pine are burned until they turn to charcoal for the fresco black — pine is burned into that charcoal.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Size.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, pitch-pine shavings burned to charcoal are pounded in a mortar with size to make fresco black — pine charcoal is pounded with that size.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Fresco.
In Vitruvius, shavings and splinters of pitch pine are burned to charcoal, pounded with size, and used as black for fresco painting — pine charcoal feeds that fresco black.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Black.
In Vitruvius, shavings of pitch pine are burned to charcoal and pounded with size to make a pretty black for fresco painting — pine charcoal yields that black.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Beech.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, when oak ashes are wanting for glass, two parts of the ashes of beech or pine are mixed with one part of sand and a little salt — pine ash is paired with that beech ash mix.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Mortar.
In Vitruvius, burn shavings and splinters of pitch pine, and when they turn to charcoal, put them out and pound them in a mortar with size for a pretty black for fresco — pine charcoal is pounded in that mortar.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Resin.
In Vitruvius Ten Books on Architecture, pine yields resin with cypress, and related pine-like timber carries a liquid resin the colour of Attic honey.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
In Culpeper English Physician, lohoch of pine-nuts compounds pine-nuts with honey of raisins and a pound and a half of honey into a lickable pectoral.
from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)
how · sourced · documented
In Culpeper English Physician, the same lohoch of pine-nuts mixes pine-nuts with fresh butter among honey of raisins and sugar-candy.
from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)
how · sourced · documented
In Culpeper English Physician, lohoch of pine-nuts takes fifteen drams of pine-nuts with the pulp of dates among almonds and liquorice.
from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)
how · sourced · documented
Pine is historically related to Wine.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, fresco black may be pounded from pitch-pine charcoal with size, or made still finer by roasting wine lees and grinding them with size.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Elm is historically related to Pine.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, the lack of fir may be evaded by using cypress, poplar, elm, or pine — elm stands with that pine as substitute timber.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Olive is historically related to Pine.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, game crowns were wreaths of wild olive, pine, parsley, or laurel according to the place — olive is set with that pine crown.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cedar is historically related to Pine.
In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Lebanon productions enumerate the cedar among other varieties of the pine, and a traveler notes the cedar is taller than the pine.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Myrtle is historically related to Pine.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Nehemiah directs the people to fetch pine branches with olive and myrtle branches to make booths for the feast of tabernacles.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Alder is historically related to Pine.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, siege-machine boardings prefer holm oak or other strong woods, except pine or alder, which are weak and easily catch fire under ballistae and flame.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
historically related to · sourced · documented
Hellenic religion
Pine appears in Hellenic religion.
Pausanias notes pine among Isthmian crowning and Dionysiac plant neighbors. A named pine in that periegesis, not Pliny/Dioscorides resin-pharmacy alone and not cedar already walked elsewhere.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Roman religion
Pine appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats pine among resinous timber and pitch-bearing trees. A named pine in that encyclopedia, not pine→medicine already under Dioscorides and not rosin as the hard resin already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
sources
- De Materia Medica · Pedanius Dioscorides
Dioscorides, De Materia Medica.
- Description of Greece · Pausanias
Pausanias, Description of Greece.
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- De Architectura · Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation)
Vitruvius, The Ten Books on Architecture, trans. Morris Hicky Morgan (1914).
- De Re Metallica · Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation)
Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, trans. Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (1912).
- The English Physician · Nicholas Culpeper
Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician (Complete Herbal).
- A Biblical and Theological Dictionary · Richard Watson
Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary.