plant
Juniper
Juniper as a plant people have named and used. Blue berry, sharp clean, hillside ward — one living kind, not a single symbol.
Juniper is used in Medicine.
Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists juniper (arkeuthos) berries among heating and diuretic drugs. A named juniper in that handbook, not gin as a later spirit dump and not cedar as the already-walked tree pharmacy.
from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE
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Juniper is associated with Cypress.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, the juniper cypress is named in the gum-resin shelf that does not grow in Africa — juniper sits with that cypress naming.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Juniper is historically related to Honey.
In Culpeper’s English Physician, an electuary takes juniper berries beaten with honey enough to make it up — juniper is compounded with that honey.
from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)
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Juniper is historically related to Wine.
In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, a diuretic infusion steeps juniper-berries with mustard-seed and horse-radish in Rhenish wine or strong ale for a few days before straining — juniper is infused in that wine.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Juniper is historically related to Cinnamon.
In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, a London-hospital infusion bruises juniper-berries with cinnamon powder in old hock-wine — juniper is infused with that cinnamon.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Juniper is historically related to Nitre.
In Buchan Domestic Medicine, stone in the ureter is treated with juniper-water and a tea-spoonful of sweet spirits of nitre in the drink - juniper diuretic works with that nitre.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Juniper is historically related to Ginger.
In Buchan Domestic Medicine, carminatives for wind name juniper-berries with ginger among aniseeds and canella - juniper sits with that ginger in the class.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Juniper is historically related to Cedar.
In Vitruvius On Architecture, the cedar and the juniper tree are said to have the same uses and good qualities among lasting building woods.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Juniper is historically related to Olive.
In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, the same damp-proof vaulting ties list juniper with olive among box, oak, and cypress.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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Juniper is historically related to Pepper.
In Beeton’s Book of Household Management, a tongue cure rubs saltpetre, black pepper, sugar, juniper berries, and salt into the meat before smoking.
from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861
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Juniper is historically related to Almond.
In Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon, Barclay’s antibilious pills compound almond soap with oils of juniper, caraway, and rosemary among jalap, guaiac, and buckthorn syrup.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
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Juniper is historically related to Vinegar.
In Ure’s Dictionary, sauerkraut is made by stratifying cut cabbage with salt, juniper berries, and carui seeds in a cask, packing hard so fermentation yields juice and a sour smell as vinegar forms.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Mugwort is used in Juniper.
In Culpeper’s English Physician, syrup of mugwort takes juniper berries among the infused materials — juniper berries enter the mugwort liquor before the honey-and-vinegar syrup.
from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)
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Root two is used in Juniper.
In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, zedoary-root two drachms is taken with juniper-berries bruised among other simples — juniper berries enter that root-two compound.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Box is historically related to Juniper.
In Vitruvius On Architecture, vaulting ties that neither decay nor dampness can spoil are named as box, juniper, olive, oak, or cypress.
from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914
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sources
- De Materia Medica · Pedanius Dioscorides
Dioscorides, De Materia Medica.
- On Divers Arts · Theophilus Presbyter
Theophilus, On Divers Arts (De diversis artibus / Schedula diversarum artium).
- The English Physician · Nicholas Culpeper
Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician (Complete Herbal).
- Domestic Medicine · William Buchan
William Buchan, Domestic Medicine (12th ed., 1791).
- De Architectura · Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation)
Vitruvius, The Ten Books on Architecture, trans. Morris Hicky Morgan (1914).
- Book of Household Management · Isabella Beeton
Isabella Beeton, Beeton’s Book of Household Management (1861).
- Medical Lexicon · Robley Dunglison
Robley Dunglison, Medical Lexicon (Dictionary of Medical Science).
- Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines · Andrew Ure
Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines.