Cedar

• Cedar is used in Medicine.

  Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists cedar (kedros) and cedar-oil among drugs. First-century pharmacological use of the timber-tree, not Gilgamesh’s Cedar Forest and not Yggdrasil.

  from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

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• Cedar is historically related to Oak.

  In al's The Jewish Encyclopedia, Cedar sits with Oak in woodwork speech — named together on the working page.

  from Isidore Singer et al. · The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901–1906

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• Cedar is historically related to Blood.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, cedar with hyssop is dipped into water that the blood of the bird may be mingled with it for sprinkling the leper — cedar is dipped with that blood.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Pine.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Lebanon productions enumerate the cedar among other varieties of the pine, and a traveler notes the cedar is taller than the pine.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Fir.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, among Lebanon crags the cedar waves its top surrounded by the fir and the oak, the fig and the vine.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Vine.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the same Lebanon note places the cedar among the fir, oak, fig, and vine on the cultivated mountain crags.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Fig.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, among Lebanon crags the cedar is surrounded by the fir and the oak, the fig and the vine.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Myrtle.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Isaiah plants in the wilderness the cedar with the myrtle and the oil tree among trees famed for stature and fragrance.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cedar is historically related to Almond.

  In Watson Biblical and Theological Dictionary, indigenous productions enumerate the cedar among pine varieties with the fig, willow, myrtle, and almond tree.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Cypress is historically related to Cedar.

  In Vitruvius’s Ten Books on Architecture, while the cypress and pine yield resin, from the cedar is produced an oil called cedar-oil used to preserve books and other things — cypress sits beside that cedar among lasting building woods.

  from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914

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• Hyssop is historically related to Cedar.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the priest makes a wisp with branches of cedar and hyssop tied together, dips it into the water mixed with bird’s blood, and sprinkles the healed leper — hyssop is bound with that cedar for the rite.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Scarlet is historically related to Cedar.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet wood are cast into the flames with the red heifer’s carcass for the ashes of separation — scarlet is burned with that cedar.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Juniper is historically related to Cedar.

  In Vitruvius On Architecture, the cedar and the juniper tree are said to have the same uses and good qualities among lasting building woods.

  from Vitruvius; Morris Hicky Morgan (translation) · De Architectura, 1st century BCE; Morgan English 1914

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• Diana is historically related to Cedar.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the ark of the covenant, much of the temple of Solomon, and that of Diana at Ephesus were built of cedar, valued for resin that preserves it from weather.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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• Solomon is historically related to Cedar.

  In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, much of the temple of Solomon was built of cedar, and Scripture calls the tree the glory of Lebanon.

  from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

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Mesopotamian tradition

• Cedar appears in Mesopotamian tradition.

  The Standard Babylonian Gilgamesh epic sends Gilgamesh and Enkidu to the Cedar Forest to cut timber and face Humbaba. A named cedar-expedition in that poem, not Dioscorides’ kedros and not Yggdrasil.

  from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)

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Roman religion

• Cedar appears in Roman religion.

  Pliny’s Natural History seats cedar among eastern and Mediterranean timber trees known to Rome. A named cedar in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides cedar pharmacy or Gilgamesh cedar already walked and not pine as the resin tree already walked here.

  from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

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