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Orpiment
A named yellow arsenic sulfide of pigment and older pharmacy. Not sulfur, and not realgar as identity.
Orpiment is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats orpiment (auripigmentum) among arsenic-yellow minerals used in drugs and pigments. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the yellow sulfide, not realgar alone and not the bare arsenic id already walked.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Orpiment is used in Dye.
Pliny’s Natural History treats orpiment (auripigmentum) among arsenic-yellow pigments as well as among mineral drugs. A Roman-era pigment use of orpiment, not the medicine seat already published and not realgar as the red sulfide.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
used in · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to Dye.
In Merrifield's Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, Orpiment is named in the craft lemmas beside Dye.
from Mary Philadelphia Merrifield · Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, 1849
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Orpiment is historically related to Oil.
In Merrifield’s Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, orpiment is tempered for painting among the yellow pigments — the manuscript receipts set it with the oil or tempera vehicle of the chapter.
from Mary Philadelphia Merrifield · Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, 1849
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Orpiment is associated with Indigo.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, orpiment is mixed with indigo or manisc to fill in a drapery, then more indigo is added for the drawing — orpiment is mixed with that indigo.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
associated with · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to Egg.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, orpiment is ground with water, dried, then tempered with egg for laying upon wood or wall — orpiment is tempered with that egg.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
historically related to · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to Black.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, after filling a drapery with orpiment and indigo, a little black is added to make the outer shadow.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
historically related to · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to Red.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, a drapery is filled by mixing a little cinnabar with orpiment, then a little red is added for the drawing and simple red makes the outer shadow.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
historically related to · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to White lead.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, the mixture of colours mixes orpiment with white lead, then breaks it with blue and designs with white lead.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
historically related to · sourced · documented
Orpiment is historically related to Mortar.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, orpiment is ground with great labour in a mortar like pepper, or rolled in a skin, then upon marble with water before tempering with egg yolk and calcined bone powder.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cinnabar is used in Orpiment.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, a little cinnabar is mixed with orpiment to fill in a drapery before adding red for the drawing — cinnabar and orpiment are worked together in that drapery mix.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
used in · sourced · documented
Elder is associated with Orpiment.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, orpiment is mixed with indigo or manisc, or with juice of the elder, to fill in a drapery — elder juice mixes with that orpiment.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
associated with · sourced · documented
Realgar is historically related to Orpiment.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, realgar can be made from orpiment by heating the latter for five hours in a sealed crucible — realgar is prepared from that orpiment.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Azure is historically related to Orpiment.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, Roman azure can be mixed with white of Apulia and can likewise be put to orpiment, forming a yellow green — azure is mixed with that orpiment.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Parchment is historically related to Orpiment.
In Theophilus Divers Arts, the bright thick colours for parchment include orpiment tempered with egg - orpiment is laid on that parchment.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Vinegar is historically related to Orpiment.
In Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon, the ancient yellow plaster chryse is composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony, resin, oil, and orpiment boiled in vinegar.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
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Roman religion
Orpiment appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats orpiment among yellow arsenic sulfide pigments of Roman craft speech beyond pharmacy/dye alone. A named orpiment craft encyclopedia seat, not orpiment medicine/dye already walked and not realgar as the red sulfide alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
sources
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting · Mary Philadelphia Merrifield
Mary Philadelphia Merrifield, Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting (1849).
- On Divers Arts · Theophilus Presbyter
Theophilus, On Divers Arts (De diversis artibus / Schedula diversarum artium).
- De Re Metallica · Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation)
Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, trans. Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (1912).
- Medical Lexicon · Robley Dunglison
Robley Dunglison, Medical Lexicon (Dictionary of Medical Science).