Source citation ledger
The Century Dictionary
William Dwight Whitney et al.
book · 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
William Dwight Whitney et al., The Century Dictionary.
The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
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Eponym is historically related to Name.
Century EPONYM seats a name of a place, people, or period derived from a person, and a mythical or historical personage from whom a country or people takes its name — onomastic name-kinship, not a free-standing biography.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Cryptonym is historically related to Name.
Century CRYPTONYM seats a private, secret, or hidden name — a name which one bears in some society or brotherhood — secret-name kinship, not a public pen name alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Pseudonym is historically related to Name.
Century PSEUDONYM seats a false name, especially a fictitious name assumed by an author to conceal identity — pen-name kinship, not a secret society cryptonym alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Synonym is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century SYNONYM seats a word having the same or nearly the same signification as another — the opposite of antonym — philological same-meaning kinship in the rhetoric/lexicon neighborhood, not a free-standing thesaurus object.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Antonym is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century ANTONYM seats a counterterm or opposite — the opposite of synonym — antithetical-word kinship in rhetoric/lexicon speech, not a free-standing thesaurus object.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Homonym is historically related to Writing.
Century HOMONYM seats, in philology, a word which agrees with another in sound and perhaps spelling but not in meaning — homophone/homograph writing-speech, not biological taxonomic homonym alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Rebus is historically related to Riddle.
Century REBUS seats a puzzle or riddle consisting of words or phrases represented by figures or pictures whose names resemble those words — picture-riddle kinship, not heraldic canting arms alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Century ACROSTIC seats Hebrew poems in which initial letters of lines or stanzas run over the alphabet, naming twelve Psalms (Psalm cxix. the best example) — biblical acrostic appearance, not a modern crossword dump.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Anagram is historically related to Writing.
Century ANAGRAM seats a transposition of the letters of a word or sentence to form a new word or sentence — letter-play writing kinship, not a palindrome identity flatten.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Palindrome is historically related to Writing.
Century PALINDROME seats a word, verse, or sentence that reads the same left-to-right or right-to-left — reversible writing kinship, not anagram transposition alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Pun is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century PUN seats an expression using a word in two different applications, or a play upon words of similar sound — rhetorical wordplay kinship, not malapropism as mistaken fine language.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Anticlimax is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century ANTICLIMAX seats a figure or fault of style consisting in an abrupt descent from stronger to weaker expressions — rhetorical anticlimax, the opposite of climax.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Bathos is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century BATHOS seats a ludicrous descent from the elevated to the commonplace or ridiculous in writing or speech — sinking/anticlimax in rhetoric, not mere pathos.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Malapropism is historically related to Rhetoric.
Century MALAPROPISM seats the act or habit of misapplying words through an ambition to use fine language, and a word so misapplied — rhetorical misuse kinship, not spoonerism sound-swap.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Neologism is historically related to Writing.
Century NEOLOGISM seats a new word or phrase, or a new use of a word, and the use of new words or of old words in new senses — new-word writing kinship, not psychiatric neologism alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Coinage is historically related to Writing.
Century COINAGE seats, beside minting, the act or process of forming or producing — invention or fabrication — and that which is coined or fabricated (as idle coinages of the brain) — verbal invention kinship, not mint-metal alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Loanword is historically related to Writing.
Century LOANWORD seats a borrowed word — a word taken into one language from another — borrowing kinship in writing/philology, not calque as loan-translation (Century calque is printing calk).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Nonce Word is historically related to Writing.
Century NONCE-WORD seats a word coined and used only for the nonce, or for the particular occasion — occasion-only coinage kinship, not a standing neologism alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Portmanteau Word is historically related to Writing.
Century PORTMANTEAU-WORD seats Lewis Carroll’s name (Through the Looking-glass) for words formed on the composite system — blend-word writing kinship, not the suitcase portmanteau alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Etymology is historically related to Writing.
Century ETYMOLOGY seats that part of philology which treats of the history of words in form and meaning, tracing them toward their origin — word-history kinship, not folk-etymology (no Century headword).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Grammar is historically related to Writing.
Century GRAMMAR seats a systematic account of the usages of a language — parts of speech, inflections, and combinations of words into sentences — grammar-of-writing kinship, not a schoolroom object alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Syntax is historically related to Writing.
Century SYNTAX seats, in grammar, the construction of sentences — the due arrangement of words or members of sentences according to established usage — sentence-construction kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Abbreviation is historically related to Writing.
Century ABBREVIATION seats the act of shortening or contracting and a shortened or contracted form — a part used for the whole — shortened-writing kinship, not acronym (no Century headword).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Accent is historically related to Writing.
Century ACCENT seats expressing stress or modulation of the voice and marking with a written accent to indicate pronunciation — stress/mark writing kinship among several accent senses.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Ogham is historically related to Alphabet.
Century OGHAM seats a character belonging to an alphabet of twenty letters used by the ancient Irish and some other Celts, and the system of writing of such characters — Celtic alphabet kinship, not rune identity flatten.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Syllabary is historically related to Alphabet.
Century SYLLABARY seats a catalogue of the syllables of a language, or a list or set of characters having a syllabic value — syllabic-character kinship beside alphabetic letters.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Shorthand is historically related to Writing.
Century SHORTHAND seats a system of writing briefer than longhand, employing abbreviations or arbitrary characters to write with greater rapidity — rapid-writing kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Braille is historically related to Writing.
Century BRAILLE seats a method of writing or printing for the blind in which combinations of tangible dots or points represent alphabetical letters — raised-dot writing kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Boustrophedon is historically related to Writing.
Century BOUSTROPHEDON seats a method of writing shown in early Greek inscriptions in which lines run alternately right-to-left and left-to-right, as furrows in plowing — alternating-direction writing kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Cursive is historically related to Writing.
Century CURSIVE seats running or flowing writing in which letters are joined and formed rapidly without raising the pen — specifically paleographic hands modified toward modern running hand.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Horn book is historically related to Alphabet.
Century HORNBOOK seats a leaf or page, usually containing the alphabet, the nine digits, and the Lord’s Prayer, covered with transparent horn — children’s alphabet-primer kinship, not a modern legal hornbook alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Palimpsest is historically related to Parchment.
Century PALIMPSEST seats a parchment or other writing-material from which one writing has been erased to make room for another — reused parchment kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Alexandrine is historically related to Verse.
Century ALEXANDRINE seats, in prosody, an iambic hexapody or series of six iambic feet — named verse measure kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Anapest is historically related to Verse.
Century ANAPEST seats, in prosody, a foot of three syllables, the first two short or unaccented and the last long or accented — the reverse of the dactyl — metrical foot kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Iamb is historically related to Verse.
Century IAMB seats the same as iambus — the short-long / unaccented-accented metrical foot of prosody — verse-foot kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Trochee is historically related to Verse.
Century TROCHEE seats, in prosody, a foot of two syllables, the first long or accented and the second short or unaccented — verse-foot kinship opposite the iamb’s stress pattern.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Blank verse is historically related to Verse.
Century under BLANK seats unrimed verse, particularly the heroic verse of five feet without rime used in English dramatic and epic poetry — blank-verse kinship toward verse measure.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Pentameter is historically related to Verse.
Century PENTAMETER seats a verse or line of five feet or measures — five-foot verse kinship, especially of classical and English prosody.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Sonnet is historically related to Verse.
Century SONNET seats specifically a short poem in fixed form, limited to fourteen lines with a prescribed disposition of rimes — fixed-form verse kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Ode is historically related to Verse.
Century ODE seats a lyric poem expressive of exalted or enthusiastic emotion, especially one of complex or irregular metrical form — originally intended to be sung — lyric-verse kinship (song hub missing).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Ballad is historically related to Verse.
Century BALLAD seats a short narrative poem, especially one adapted for singing — partly epic and partly lyric — narrative-verse kinship (song hub missing).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Romance is historically related to Book.
Century ROMANCE seats originally a tale in verse recounting the adventures of knights, and later fictitious narrative prose of wonder and adventure — romance-tale kinship toward book, not a single novel-object essay.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Bestiary is historically related to Book.
Century BESTIARY seats a name formerly sometimes given to a book treating of animals — animal-book kinship, not the Roman amphitheater fighter sense alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Annals is historically related to Book.
Century ANNALS seats a history or relation of events recorded year by year, and formal accounts of events, discoveries, or transactions — year-by-year historical book kinship.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Canticle is historically related to Hymn.
Century CANTICLE seats any song or hymn, properly brief and simple, and specifically non-metrical biblical hymns sung on special occasions — hymn/canticle kinship, not a free-standing Mass ordinary.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Century AMEN seats the concluding formula used as a solemn expression of concurrence after a prayer or wish — amen use at prayer, not a free-standing liturgy object.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Century ANTIPHON seats a psalm, hymn, or prayer sung responsively by alternation of two choirs, and liturgical verses from the Psalms in Eastern and Western offices — responsive prayer use.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Argot is historically related to Cant.
Century ARGOT seats the conventional slang of a class, originally that of thieves and vagabonds, devised for disguise and concealment — cant or slang — argot/cant kinship, not Brewer phrase-fable seats.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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Alleluia is historically related to Hymn.
Century ALLELUIA seats the same as halleluiah — an ascription of praise to God used as a liturgical shout or refrain — alleluia/hymn kinship, not wood-sorrel plant sense alone.
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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European folklore
Dialect is historically related to European folklore.
Century DIALECT seats the idiom of a district or class — one of related modes of speech descended from a common original — folk-speech kinship apt for European folk idiom, not a national language hub (missing).
from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)
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