Writing

Egyptian religion

• Writing is sacred to Thoth.

  Egyptian tradition treats Thoth as the scribe of the gods. Writing here is a funerary and temple literacy, not the Hermetic treatise’s boast.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Writing appears in Egyptian religion.

  Egyptian funerary religion is a literate technology of spells. Writing is the craft of that below, not a later occult alphabet.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Thoth is used in Writing.

  Thoth’s office is literacy. Visiting Thoth should reach writing as an Egyptian craft, not only “knowledge” as a blur.

  from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972

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• Writing is connected to Book.

  A book is writing that can be carried. The spells of the dead are one such carrying; a printed tarot booklet is another, later job.

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• Writing is associated with Knowledge.

  Writing stores what someone wanted kept. It does not decide whether the kept thing is true.

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• Knowledge is connected to Writing.

  Writing is one technology of keeping knowledge. Oral Ifá verse and a funerary spell-book are different keepings.

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• Homonym is historically related to Writing.

  Century HOMONYM seats, in philology, a word which agrees with another in sound and perhaps spelling but not in meaning — homophone/homograph writing-speech, not biological taxonomic homonym alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Anagram is historically related to Writing.

  Century ANAGRAM seats a transposition of the letters of a word or sentence to form a new word or sentence — letter-play writing kinship, not a palindrome identity flatten.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Palindrome is historically related to Writing.

  Century PALINDROME seats a word, verse, or sentence that reads the same left-to-right or right-to-left — reversible writing kinship, not anagram transposition alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Neologism is historically related to Writing.

  Century NEOLOGISM seats a new word or phrase, or a new use of a word, and the use of new words or of old words in new senses — new-word writing kinship, not psychiatric neologism alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Coinage is historically related to Writing.

  Century COINAGE seats, beside minting, the act or process of forming or producing — invention or fabrication — and that which is coined or fabricated (as idle coinages of the brain) — verbal invention kinship, not mint-metal alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Loanword is historically related to Writing.

  Century LOANWORD seats a borrowed word — a word taken into one language from another — borrowing kinship in writing/philology, not calque as loan-translation (Century calque is printing calk).

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Nonce Word is historically related to Writing.

  Century NONCE-WORD seats a word coined and used only for the nonce, or for the particular occasion — occasion-only coinage kinship, not a standing neologism alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Portmanteau Word is historically related to Writing.

  Century PORTMANTEAU-WORD seats Lewis Carroll’s name (Through the Looking-glass) for words formed on the composite system — blend-word writing kinship, not the suitcase portmanteau alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Etymology is historically related to Writing.

  Century ETYMOLOGY seats that part of philology which treats of the history of words in form and meaning, tracing them toward their origin — word-history kinship, not folk-etymology (no Century headword).

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Grammar is historically related to Writing.

  Century GRAMMAR seats a systematic account of the usages of a language — parts of speech, inflections, and combinations of words into sentences — grammar-of-writing kinship, not a schoolroom object alone.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Syntax is historically related to Writing.

  Century SYNTAX seats, in grammar, the construction of sentences — the due arrangement of words or members of sentences according to established usage — sentence-construction kinship.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Abbreviation is historically related to Writing.

  Century ABBREVIATION seats the act of shortening or contracting and a shortened or contracted form — a part used for the whole — shortened-writing kinship, not acronym (no Century headword).

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Accent is historically related to Writing.

  Century ACCENT seats expressing stress or modulation of the voice and marking with a written accent to indicate pronunciation — stress/mark writing kinship among several accent senses.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Shorthand is historically related to Writing.

  Century SHORTHAND seats a system of writing briefer than longhand, employing abbreviations or arbitrary characters to write with greater rapidity — rapid-writing kinship.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Braille is historically related to Writing.

  Century BRAILLE seats a method of writing or printing for the blind in which combinations of tangible dots or points represent alphabetical letters — raised-dot writing kinship.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Boustrophedon is historically related to Writing.

  Century BOUSTROPHEDON seats a method of writing shown in early Greek inscriptions in which lines run alternately right-to-left and left-to-right, as furrows in plowing — alternating-direction writing kinship.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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• Cursive is historically related to Writing.

  Century CURSIVE seats running or flowing writing in which letters are joined and formed rapidly without raising the pen — specifically paleographic hands modified toward modern running hand.

  from William Dwight Whitney et al. · The Century Dictionary, 1889–1891 (and later PD editions)

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Hermeticism

• Writing is associated with Hermes.

  The Homeric hymn’s Hermes invents a lyre and bargains in speech. Later Hermetic books make him a teacher of written secrets; those are two Hermeses.

  from Brian P. Copenhaver (translation) · Corpus Hermeticum, c. 2nd–3rd century CE (Greek treatises)

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Norse tradition

• Writing contains Rune.

  Runes are one historical script. They are letters before they are later occult tokens.

  from Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation) · Poetic Edda, medieval Icelandic compilation; Larrington trans. 1996/2014

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Roman religion

• Writing appears in Roman religion.

  Virgil’s Aeneid Book 6 seats the Sibyl’s written leaves—fates set on folia that scatter in wind. Writing as published concept for that prophetic inscription craft, not Gilgamesh clay-tablet used_in alone.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

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Buddhist traditions

• Writing is used in Buddhist traditions.

  Watson’s Lotus Sūtra repeatedly praises copying and writing out the sūtra as a keeper’s practice. Writing used in that Mahāyāna keeping-rite, not occult alphabets and not a generic literacy dump.

  from Burton Watson (translation) · The Lotus Sutra, 1993 (this translation); Sanskrit/Chinese recensions much older

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Vedic tradition

• Zero is associated with Writing.

  A numeral is a written mark. Plofker’s history is about Indian mathematics, not an occult alphabet of the void.

  from Kim Plofker · Mathematics in India, 2009

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Eighteenth-century Europe

• Cipher is historically related to Writing.

  The later English sense of cipher as secret writing is a word’s career, not zero’s mathematical job.

  from Kim Plofker · Mathematics in India, 2009

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Islam

• Qur’an is associated with Writing.

  The Qur’an is recited and written. Scripture as speech-mark, not a Hermetic tablet.

  from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE

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Shinto

• Kojiki is associated with Writing.

  The Kojiki presents itself as a written record of recitations. An eighth-century compilation, not a parish oral-only file.

  from Ō no Yasumaro (compiler); Donald L. Philippi (translation) · Kojiki, 712 CE; Philippi trans. 1968

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Egyptian religion · Nile valley

• Ibis is associated with Writing.

  Thoth’s ibis is tied to writing in Egyptian grammar. The bird does not write; the god of the sign does.

  from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE

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Mesopotamian tradition

• Clay tablet is used in Writing.

  The Epic of Gilgamesh opens with Gilgamesh writing the whole of his labour on a tablet and leaving a written record of his toils. Clay-tablet used in that writing practice, not wax-tablet as a Roman wax surface and not a second appears_in→mesopotamian beside the Herodotus seat already held.

  from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)

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Nahua tradition

• Soot Ink is used in Writing.

  Sahagún’s Florentine Codex records black soot suspended in gum or glue among paints and inks for amatl and screenfold marking — named soot-ink used in Nahua writing and painting craft. A colonial-era Nahua ethnographic use, not soot as bare residue, not lampblack already walked under Pliny, and not an unfiltered pre-invasion voice.

  from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577

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