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Lexicon Alchemiae
Martin Ruland the Elder
book · 1612
Martin Ruland, Lexicon Alchemiae (1612).
Lexicon Alchemiae
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Alchemy
Albedo mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ALBATIO as whiteness / white ashes of calcination and DEALBATION as Hermetic coction until the matter is whitened. A named albedo-mark in that whitening-stage lexicon continuity, not nigredo blackening, not citrinitas yellowing, and not rubedo reddening.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Alchemical mercury represents Mercury (metal).
Ruland’s Lexicon seats MERCURIUS among the three principles and as quicksilver / corporeal mercury of chemists. A named alchemical-mercury sign in that principle speech, not mercury-mark as the planetary emblem twin alone, and not sulfur or salt of the triad.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Alchemical salt represents Salt.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats Salt beside Sulphur and Mercury as one of the three principles in which the property of things is composed. A named alchemical-salt sign in that triad speech, not pantry salt alone, and not mercury or sulfur of the triad.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Alchemical sulfur represents Sulfur.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats Sulphur beside Mercury and Salt as one of the three principles, and names sulphur among chemist metals and arcana. A named alchemical-sulfur sign in that triad speech, not brimstone sermon alone, and not mercury or salt of the triad.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Alembic mark is historically related to Alembic.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ALEMBICUS (capitellum / helmet) as the vessel set over the retort to receive and collect vapours, beaked or beakless. A named alembic-mark in that still-head speech, not a retort, not an athanor, and not a crucible.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Alkahest is historically related to Mercury (metal).
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ALCAHEST as prepared Mercury (some say tartar), with ALCAHESTI as mercury prepared as a medicine. A named alkahest in that universal-dissolvent neighborhood, not bare metallic quicksilver identity alone, and not the Catholic magisterium dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Antimony mark represents Antimony.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ANTIMONIUM (alkofol / stibium) among chemist stones and preparations of the antimony family. A named antimony-mark in that chemist-sign speech, not arsenic, and not a heraldic charge dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Arsenic mark represents Arsenic.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ARSENICUM among chemist nitres and metallic salts, with white, yellow, and citrine species. A named arsenic-mark in that chemist-sign speech, not antimony, and not a poison-label dump alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Athanor mark is historically related to Kiln.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ATHANOR as the philosophical oven adapted for composing the stone, with turret, coals, and equable heat. A named athanor-mark in that digesting-furnace speech, not an alembic or retort vessel, and not a crucible melting pot; published furnace id is absent, so kiln is the nearest published oven hub.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Azoth is historically related to Mercury (metal).
Ruland’s Lexicon seats AZOTH as quicksilver drawn out of any metallic body — properly corporeal Mercury — and as living mercury of the work. A named azoth in that mercury-arcana speech, not alkahest as prepared mercury alone, and not elixir as the medicine.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Calcination mark is used in Fire.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats CALCINATIO as combustion in strong heat and solution of coagulated matters into calx, including ignition and reverberatory calcination. A named calcination-mark in that fire-operation speech, not dissolution, not sublimation, and not putrefaction.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Caput mortuum is historically related to Ash.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats Caput Mortuum as feces / death’s-head residuum left after distillation or sublimation — the earthy remainder of the work. A named caput-mortuum in that residuum speech, not colcothar as fixed vitriol alone, and not a skull emblem dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Citrinitas mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats CITRINATION as the Resurrection — yellowing / citrine speech of the work between white and red. A named citrinitas-mark in that citrination continuity, not albedo whitening, not rubedo reddening, and not gold-mark as the metal sign alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Coagula mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats COAGULATION as condensation from a tenuous fluid consistency, and names Coagulate among sulphur that coagulates Mercury. A named coagula-mark in that bind/thicken operation speech, not solve-mark dissolution alone, and not the paired solve-et-coagula motto dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Colcothar is historically related to Vitriol.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats Colcothar as fixed vitriol and as red oil of vitriol (OLEUM COLCOTHARINUM), among atrament and vitriol species. A named colcothar in that vitriol-residue speech, not caput-mortuum as generic feces alone, and not bare iron rust identity.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Conjunction (alchemical) mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats COMPOSITIO as the conjunction of substances that differ (mixture or conglutination), and uses conjunction for the copulation of the work. A named conjunction-alchemical-mark in that opus-union speech, not generic conjunction-mark, and not calcination or dissolution alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Copper mark represents Copper.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats CUPRUM as Copper, Venus, among chemist metals. A named copper-mark in that planetary-metal sign speech, not gold or silver marks, and not a heraldic Venus being dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Crucible mark is historically related to Crucible.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats CRUCIBULUM as a melting vessel of fire-proof earth, narrow-based and used for liquefying metals (with cupel as a related species). A named crucible-mark in that melting-pot speech, not an alembic still-head, not a retort, and not an athanor oven.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Dissolution mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats DISSOLUTION as the philosophers’ reduction of a body into its first matter / elementary principles — not mere liquefaction. A named dissolution-mark in that solve-operation speech, not calcination, not coagulation, and not putrefaction alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Distillation mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats DISTILLATIO as humid elevation by which subtle humid parts are drawn off, with ascension, descension, and inclination modes. A named distillation-mark in that still-operation speech, not sublimation, not calcination, and not alembic-mark as vessel alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Distilled water is historically related to Water.
Ruland’s Lexicon distinguishes simple distilled water from solvent / corrosive waters among chemist waters condensed after distillation. A named distilled-water in that aqueous-arcanum speech, not spirit of wine, and not oil of vitriol.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Ruland’s Lexicon seats ELIXIR as incomparable medicine for conserving life, ferment of metals, and penetrating medicine of the work. A named elixir in that hermetic-medicine speech, not quintessence as fifth essence alone, and not azoth as mercury-arcana alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Ruland’s Lexicon seats AURUM as Gold, called Sol by chemists and dedicated to the Sun. A named gold-mark in that Sol/planetary-metal sign speech, not silver-mark Luna, and not sun as the sky body alone without the metal sign.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Hermetic seal mark is used in Glass.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats SIGILLUM HERMETIS as melting the mouth of the glass by coal fire so it is sealed — the Seal of Hermes — with glass-stopper and vessel speech. A named hermetic-seal-mark in that closed-vessel seal speech, not a guild or civic seal, and not seal-of-solomon.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Ruland’s Lexicon seats FERRUM as Iron among chemist metals. A named iron-mark in that Mars/planetary-metal sign speech, not copper Venus or lead Saturn marks, and not a heraldic Mars being dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Ruland’s Lexicon seats lead among Hermetic equivalents (Plumbum / Saturn) and chemist metals. A named lead-mark in that Saturn/planetary-metal sign speech, not tin Jupiter or iron Mars marks, and not a heraldic Saturn being dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Mercury mark represents Mercury (metal).
Ruland’s Lexicon seats MERCURIUS as quicksilver and chemist mercury among the three principles. A named mercury-mark in that chemist Mercury-sign speech, not alchemical-mercury as the triad-principle symbol twin alone, and not sulfur or salt.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Phoenix (alchemical) represents Fire.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats PHOENIX as the Quintessence of Fire, or the illustrious philosophic stone (also FOENIX as son of one day / stone). A named phoenix-alchemical in that fire-stone emblem speech, not phoenix-emblem heraldry, and not published phoenix the bird alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Putrefaction mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats PUTREFACTIO as dissolution of a composite by heated moisture, digestion, and the blackness-sign of corruption in the work. A named putrefaction-mark in that putrefaction-operation speech, not calcination, not nigredo-mark as an unlicensed stage lemma, and not dissolution alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Quintessence appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats QUINTA ESSENTIA as nature, potencies, virtue, tincture, life, spirit — the mysterium exalted to ethereal purity. A named quintessence in that fifth-essence speech, not elixir as medicine alone, and not quintessence-mark as the diagram sign alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Quintessence mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats QUINTA ESSENTIA among hermetic fifth-essence and extract speech. A named quintessence-mark in that fifth-essence sign continuity, not the quintessence substance row alone, and not the four-element triangle dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Rebis mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats REBIS as man and wife, body and soul, the first stage of the operation — and as Lapis Rebis among hermetic names. A named rebis-mark in that perfected-union emblem speech, not a medical hermaphrodite dump, and not solve-et-coagula motto alone.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Retort mark is historically related to Retort.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats RETORTA as a globular vessel with a small neck issuing from the body and bent into an oblong pipe. A named retort-mark in that bent-neck distillation speech, not an alembic head, not a crucible, and not an athanor.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Silver mark represents Silver.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats ARGENTUM as the Luna of chemists, the metal ranked next after gold. A named silver-mark in that Luna/planetary-metal sign speech, not gold-mark Sol, and not moon as the sky body alone without the metal sign.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Solve mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats DISSOLUTION as the philosophers’ opening of bodies into first matter, the solve half of dissolve-and-bind work. A named solve-mark in that dissolve-operation continuity, not coagula-mark, and not the paired solve-et-coagula motto dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Spirit of wine is used in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon repeatedly seats spirit of wine (vinum adustum / rectified spirit) among extraction, circulation, and chemist menstrua. A named spirit-of-wine in that distilled-wine-spirit speech, not wine as table drink alone (wine hub unpublished), and not distilled-water.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Sublimation mark appears in Alchemy.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats SUBLIMATION as elevation by distance or surface — vapour ascending and substances made more precious — among chemist operations. A named sublimation-mark in that sublimation-operation speech, not distillation, not calcination, and not putrefaction.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Ruland’s Lexicon seats STANNUM as Tin among chemist metals. A named tin-mark in that Jupiter/planetary-metal sign speech, not lead Saturn or iron Mars marks, and not a heraldic Jupiter being dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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Vitriol mark represents Vitriol.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats VITRIOL among green of the philosophers, red colcothar, and metallic vitriols as salts of metals, with long atrament species lists. A named vitriol-mark in that vitriol-sign speech, not oil-of-vitriol liquor alone, and not the Visita Interiora acrostic motto dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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