object

Tin

Colors & materials · Objects

A soft metal of bronze alloy and trade. Cassiterides talk and ordinary solder share the metal, not one tin cult.

object · 28

Celtic tradition

Tin is historically related to Bronze.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 pairs coastal British tin with imported bronze in one metal ethnography of the island. A named historical relation of those metals in that report, not a modern alloy recipe dump and not medicine seats alone.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
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Tin is historically related to Lead.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, the mill and pestle for grinding gold are cast from copper and tin mixed, the tin being free from lead — tin is kept free of that lead in the cast metal.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Litharge.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin is indicated by large black stones of which tin is made and a dug material resembling litharge — tin is marked beside that litharge.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Brass.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, when silver boils up and flies out in cupellation, tin or brass mixed with it is known, and glass with lead is thrown on to purify — tin or brass is the impurity driven from that silver.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Honey.
In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, powder of tin is mixed with syrup, honey, or treacle and taken twice or thrice a-day for worms — tin is mixed into that honey.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Tin is historically related to Egg.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, tin scraped and washed like gold is applied with the same glue, then polished and covered with saffron moistened in clear of egg without water — tin ornament is finished with that egg.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Wine.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, old wine or beer is poured over saffron overnight, then tin leaves are placed in the liquor until they show a golden colour — tin leaves are bathed in that wine.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Lute.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin is run from charcoal into a small crucible smeared with lute — tin is cast into that lute-lined crucible.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Borax.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, roasted washed tin concentrates are mixed with chrysocolla which they call borax, moistened into a lump for the charcoal assay — tin ore is compounded with that borax.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Linen.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, tin leaf is cleaned on one side with a linen cloth and dry charcoal most finely powdered, rubbed alternately until thin — tin is cleaned with that linen.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Saucepan.
In Beeton’s Book of Household Management, pickled onions go into a tin saucepan capable of holding them all, as they are always better done together, then take equal quantities of milk and the last brine — the tin saucepan holds that onion boil.
from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861
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Tin is historically related to Leather.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, some of the Lusitanians melt tin from tin-stone in small furnaces using round bellows made of leather, with an iron nozzle-disc at the fore end and a wooden blow-hole disc at the rear.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Wire.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, washers stirring tin-stone under the plate use boxes fitted with a grating of iron wire as thick as rye stalks, supported by crosswise iron bars so the wire does not bend under the weight.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Varnish.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, for a transparent picture (aureola) on wood, tin leaf is taken not covered with varnish nor coloured with saffron, simply polished, laid as a ground, then colours ground in linseed oil are painted over it.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Jar.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, scrapings of tin mixed with a little quicksilver are rubbed liquid and anointed with a cloth about a turned jar until dry and fair before the iron and clay core are removed.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Anvil.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, tin leaf is made by carefully thinning the purest tin upon the anvil with a mallet, then cleaning one side with linen and powdered charcoal and beating again until thin enough.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Hammer.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, silver or gilt copper is thinly tinned on the lower face, laid tin-side down on thick lead on the anvil, and struck with the hammer so the sculpture appears and can be cut around.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Watering Can is historically related to Tin.
In Hasluck's Cassell's Cyclopaedia of Mechanics, Watering Can sits with Tin in plating speech — named together on the working page.
from Paul N. Hasluck (ed.) · Cassell's Cyclopaedia of Mechanics, 1903 (Internet Archive cu31924021892447)
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Puncheon is historically related to Tin.
In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Puncheon sits with Tin in plating speech — named together on the working page.
from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)
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Chalice is historically related to Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, handles for the chalice may be cast in related metals including tin speech — the casting chapter sets the handles before they are applied to the cup.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Sieve is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin concentrates that settle in the last washing tub are washed again in a sieve with the smallest holes before smelting — tin is washed in that sieve.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Beer is historically related to Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, saffron with yellow bark has old wine or beer poured over it overnight, then tin leaves are placed in the liquor until they show a golden colour — beer baths those tin leaves.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Flint is historically related to Tin.
In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Chaptal obtains a fine frit from calcine of equal parts lead and tin with ground flint and potash under a pottery kiln — flint is fritted with that tin calcine.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Bellows is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, a hot fire blown with the bellows drives tin out of the lower opening of the charcoal into the crucible — the bellows melts that tin.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Crucible is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin melted from the charcoal runs into the crucible, and in another assay a hollowed charcoal in a small crucible yields a button of tin — tin is taken in that crucible.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Soap is historically related to Tin.
In Ure Dictionary of Arts, madder-dyed goods are brightened with a soap boil, and occasionally also in a bath with solution of tin - soap brightening sits with that tin bath.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Lathe is historically related to Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, after a cast jar is turned smoothly on the lathe and polished, scrapings of tin mixed with a little quicksilver are rubbed on with a cloth while turning until the surface stays dry and fair.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Ladle is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, a boy with a shovel or ladle takes impure concentrates or tin-stone from a heap and throws them into the head of the strake so a washer can scrub them and let mud flow off while tin-stone settles.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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element · 11

Tin is historically related to Charcoal.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin ore is melted so that the tin runs from a lower opening of the charcoal into the crucible, or a hollowed charcoal piece holds the charge — tin is drawn through that charcoal.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Tin is historically related to Treacle.
In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, powdered tin with æthiops mineral is given in a spoonful of treacle twice a-day for worms — tin powder is taken in that treacle.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Tin is historically related to Sand.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin ore is roasted on layered wood with larger and smaller pieces of ore, and the fine sand of the same ore is spread around the sides of the roasting compartment.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Bismuth is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin and bismuth each have their own furnace treatment apart from lead — the text keeps tin-stone and bismuth from a single lead method.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Copper is associated with Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, a mill with its pestle is cast from metal of copper and tin mixed together, three parts pure copper — copper is cast with that tin.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Pewter is historically related to Tin.
In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, lead that contains much pewter or tin must be rejected for shot-making because it produces elongated drops — pewter stands with that tin as a contaminant of the lead.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Glue is historically related to Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, tin leaves are placed upon the work with skin-glue after varnishing with gluten — glue fixes that tin.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Cream of tartar is historically related to Tin.
In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, steam colours take cream of tartar with alum after a solution of tin, then thickened with starch, dried, and steamed — cream of tartar sits with that tin solution.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Zinc is historically related to Tin.
In Dunglison’s Medical Lexicon, bell metal is an alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a little antimony, of which apothecary mortars are often formed — zinc is alloyed with that tin.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
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Calomel is historically related to Tin.
In Buchan Domestic Medicine, vermin are killed and carried off with powder of tin together with purges of rhubarb and calomel.
from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)
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Antimony
In Dunglison Medical Lexicon, bezoardicum joviale is a greenish diaphoretic powder formed of antimony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
from Robley Dunglison · Medical Lexicon, 1874 (and earlier PD eds.)
how · sourced · documented

unknown · 5

plant · 4

Tin is historically related to Leaf.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, if gold is lacking one takes a leaf of tin made by thinning pure tin upon the anvil with a mallet, then cleaning and beating it again — tin is beaten into that leaf.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Tin is historically related to Fir.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, interlaced fir boughs are placed in the sluices where tin-stuff is washed after the mills, so that fine tin-stone is held back by the twigs or settles from the current.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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Saffron is historically related to Tin.
In Theophilus’s Divers Arts, saffron is added to a yellow bark liquor and tin leaves are placed in it until they show a golden colour — saffron colours that tin.
from Theophilus Presbyter · On Divers Arts, c. early 12th century
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Pine is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, some miners employ pitch pine for lead and especially tin when seeking to discover the veins with the forked rod — pine is used for that tin vein.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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substance · 4

Glue Mould is historically related to Tin.
In Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, Glue Mould and Tin are named as companions in the same handbook speech.
from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)
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Fustic Etc is historically related to Tin.
In Mairet's Vegetable Dyes, Fustic Etc sits with Tin in plating speech — named together on the working page.
from Ethel M. Mairet · Vegetable Dyes, PD Gutenberg #24076
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Rubbing Dry is historically related to Tin.
In The Hardwood Finisher, Rubbing Dry is placed beside Tin as concrete shop companions.
from PD Gutenberg ed. · The Hardwood Finisher, PD Gutenberg #76021
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Madder Extract is historically related to Tin.
In Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, Madder Extract is treated with Tin; piece and peer stock share the entry.
from Arnold James Cooley · Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (PD; Gutenberg #39733 / #41957)
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tradition · 4

Roman religion

Tin appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats tin among mined and traded metals of Roman encyclopedia speech beyond pharmacy alone. A named tin craft seat in that encyclopedia, not tin-medicine-pliny as the remedy edge already walked and not lead as a neighboring soft metal alone.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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Hellenic religion

Tin appears in Hellenic religion.
Pausanias lists tin among metals corroded by Styx water and elsewhere names tin foil rolled like a book among Messenian mystery pledges. A named tin in that periegesis, not bronze as the copper-tin alloy already walked and not the Pliny roman tin seat alone.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE
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Tin is used in Hellenic religion.
Iliad 18 has Hephaestus cast tin with bronze, gold, and silver in the forge, and fashion tin greaves for Achilles. A named Homeric tin in armor-craft use, not bronze as identity and not a Pliny medicine dump.
from Homer · Iliad, c. 8th–7th century BCE (this form)
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Celtic tradition

Tin appears in Celtic tradition.
Caesar’s Gallic War Book 5 reports tin near the British coast among the metals of that island ethnography. A named tin in that Roman report, not Pliny medicine alone and not bronze as the imported alloy already seated beside it here.
from Julius Caesar · Gallic War, c. 50s BCE
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color · 3

Alchemy

Mosaic gold is historically related to Tin.
Merrifield’s Bolognese Cap. VI seats porporino / mosaic gold — tin sulfide imitation gold — among artificial gold colours for painting and gilding. A named mosaic-gold historically related to tin, not gold-leaf as true leaf and not mannheim-gold brass dump.
from Mary Philadelphia Merrifield · Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, 1849
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European folklore

Underglaze Blue is historically related to Tin.
Piccolpasso’s maiolica painting seats underglaze blue among cobalt blues laid on the white tin enamel ground before firing. A named underglaze-blue in that workshop speech, not overglaze enamel blue alone and not manganese purple-brown.
from Cipriano Piccolpasso · The Three Books of the Potter’s Art, c. 1557; English PD translations
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Milk Glass is historically related to Tin.
Neri’s milk-white Lattimo recipes seat opaque white glass among crystal frit opacified with calcined tin until the metal surpasses snow in whiteness. A named milk-glass in that lattimo speech, not tin-glaze as ceramic maiolica enamel and not milk-white enamel paste alone.
from Antonio Neri · The Art of Glass, 1612; English PD translations
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material · 3

European folklore

Tin glaze is historically related to Tin.
Piccolpasso’s potter’s art seats tin-glaze among the opaque white tin enamels of Italian maiolica, where tin ash opacifies the lead glaze into the bianco ground for painted ware. A named tin-glaze in that workshop speech, not salt-glaze as Northern vapor stoneware and not ash-glaze as wood-ash East Asian coating.
from Cipriano Piccolpasso · The Three Books of the Potter’s Art, c. 1557; English PD translations
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Bianco Sopra Bianco is historically related to Tin.
Piccolpasso’s maiolica decoration seats bianco sopra bianco among white-on-white relief painting on the tin enamel ground — a second white built on the tin bianco. A named bianco-sopra-bianco in that Italian potter’s speech, not ordinary white-slip alone and not fresco bianco-san-giovanni.
from Cipriano Piccolpasso · The Three Books of the Potter’s Art, c. 1557; English PD translations
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Tin Oxide is historically related to Tin.
Neri’s lattimo and enamel opacifying speech seats calcined tin — the workshop tin-oxide white — among the powders that whiten crystal frit and enamel metals. A named tin-oxide in that glass opacifier speech, not purple-of-cassius as the gold-tin red precipitant and not tin-glaze as the finished ceramic coat.
from Antonio Neri · The Art of Glass, 1612; English PD translations
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deity · 1

Tin is historically related to Pan.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, after lead has absorbed silver from tin in the scorifier, that lead is first placed in an iron pan on a hot furnace to melt before pouring into a mould and beating into leaves for the cupel.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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place · 1

Sluice is historically related to Tin.
In Agricola’s De Re Metallica, tin-stone washed in a buddle takes interlacing fir boughs as in the sluice when wet ore is crushed with stamps — tin is washed on that sluice pattern.
from Georgius Agricola; Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (translation) · De Re Metallica, 1556 Latin; Hoover English 1912
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practice · 1

Tin is used in Medicine.
Pliny’s Natural History treats tin among metal remedies and related preparations distinct from lead. A Roman-era pharmacological use of the white metal, not pewter as a later alloy dump and not electrum.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
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symbol · 1

Alchemy

Tin mark represents Tin.
Ruland’s Lexicon seats STANNUM as Tin among chemist metals. A named tin-mark in that Jupiter/planetary-metal sign speech, not lead Saturn or iron Mars marks, and not a heraldic Jupiter being dump.
from Martin Ruland the Elder · Lexicon Alchemiae, 1612
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