Wolf

Norse tradition

• Wolf appears in Norse tradition.

  Snorri’s Gylfaginning seats the wolf among the binding of Fenrir and the wolves of that cosmology. A named animal kind in that prose, not fenrir as the named being already walked and not a generic outlaw-wolf dump.

  from Snorri Sturluson · Gylfaginning, c. 1220

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• Wolf is sacred to Odin.

  Snorri’s Gylfaginning seats Geri and Freki as the wolves Odin feeds at his table while he lives on wine. A named wolf dedicated to that god’s household, not fenrir as the bound foe and not wolf→appears_in→norse as a bare kind if present.

  from Snorri Sturluson · Gylfaginning, c. 1220

  sacred to · sourced · documented

• Wolf is used in Medicine.

  Pliny’s Natural History treats the wolf among land animals entering Roman drug and natural-history speech. A named wolf in that encyclopedia, not Fenrir as the Norse binding already walked and not a werewolf dump.

  from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

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Islam

• Wolf appears in Islam.

  The Qur’an (sura 12) has Yūsuf’s brothers fear — and later claim — the wolf in the story of the lost brother. A named wolf in that revelation, not Rome’s founding wolf and not a generic predator dump.

  from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE

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Roman religion

• Wolf appears in Roman religion.

  Virgil’s Aeneid seats the wolf among Roman foundation and war omens — including the nursing-wolf ancestry speech of Rome’s line. A named wolf in that epic, not dog and not a werewolf dump.

  from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)

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Hellenic religion

• Wolf appears in Hellenic religion.

  Pausanias seats the wolf among Lykaion Zeus and Arcadian cult speech. A named wolf in that periegesis, not Fenrir already walked and not Pliny pharmacy alone.

  from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE

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Vedic tradition

• Wolf appears in Vedic tradition.

  The Ṛgveda names the wolf (vṛka) among wild canid speech in hymn landscape. A named Vedic wolf in that corpus, not dog as the household śvan and not Fenrir as the Norse bound wolf.

  from Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation) · The Rigveda, 2014 (this translation); hymns much older

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Nahua tradition

• Wolf appears in Nahua tradition.

  Sahagún’s Florentine Codex Book 11 records cuetlachtli among four-footed animals — named wolf natural-history speech. A colonial-era Nahua ethnographic attestation, not a pan-Mesoamerican essence and not an unfiltered pre-invasion voice.

  from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577

  appears in · sourced · culturally specific