object
Crown
A head-mark of rule or honor. Royal crowns and festal wreaths should not be collapsed into one sovereignty symbol.
Hellenic religion
Crown appears in Hellenic religion.
Pausanias names crowns and wreath-crowns among victor and cult marks. A named crown in that periegesis, not pschent as the Egyptian double crown already filed and not a heraldic coronet dump.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Buddhist traditions
Crown appears in Buddhist traditions.
Watson’s Lotus Sūtra names jeweled crowns among bodhisattva and king honors in that assembly. A named crown in that sūtra, not Pausanias sanctuary crowns alone and not a fashion dump.
from Burton Watson (translation) · The Lotus Sutra, 1993 (this translation); Sanskrit/Chinese recensions much older
appears in · sourced · documented
Egyptian religion
Crown appears in Egyptian religion.
Herodotus’s Egyptian logos seats crowns and royal headgear among pharaonic and temple image speech. A named crown in that traveler’s Egypt, not a diadem alone and not the Hellenic crown seat already held.
from Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE
appears in · sourced · documented
Roman religion
Crown appears in Roman religion.
Virgil’s Aeneid seats crowns among royal and prize headgear — gifts, victors’ honors, and Latin kingship speech. A named crown in that epic, not diadem as the band alone and not a modern pageant dump.
from Virgil · Aeneid, 19 BCE (unfinished at the poet’s death)
appears in · sourced · documented
Nahua tradition
Crown appears in Nahua tradition.
Sahagún’s Florentine Codex seats royal head-regalia (copilli / corona speech) among lords’ dress in Book 8. A named crown lemma in that colonial ethnography, not the turquoise diadem alone and not a European coronation dump.
from Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators · Florentine Codex, c. 1577
appears in · sourced · documented
Celtic tradition
Crown appears in Celtic tradition.
The Mabinogion seats crowns among the marks of rule in the courts of Pwyll, Branwen’s Britain and Ireland, and neighboring kingship scenes. A named crown in that Welsh prose, not a diadem as the brow-band alone and not every later royal dump.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Crown appears in Annwn.
The Mabinogion’s First Branch seats crown and kingship marks in Arawn’s Annwn while Pwyll rules there in the other’s shape. A named crown in that otherworld rule, not every later royal dump and not diadem alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Crown appears in Arthurian cycle.
Culhwch and Olwen in the Mabinogion seats Arthur as crowned head of the court that Culhwch enters — crown speech inside Welsh Arthurian cycle narrative. A named crown in that Culhwch kingship, not a later imperial dump and not diadem alone.
from Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation) · The Mabinogion, medieval Welsh manuscripts; Davies trans. 2007
appears in · sourced · documented
Shinto
Crown appears in Shinto.
The Kojiki seats head-marks of rule among the imperial genealogy’s court speech and kami sovereignty scenes. A named crown in that compilation, not a diadem alone and not every later imperial regalia dump already walked as sword/mirror/jewel.
from Ō no Yasumaro (compiler); Donald L. Philippi (translation) · Kojiki, 712 CE; Philippi trans. 1968
appears in · sourced · documented
Mesopotamian tradition
Crown appears in Mesopotamian tradition.
The Epic of Gilgamesh seats crowns among the royal marks of Gilgamesh’s kingship and the glory offered in Ishtar’s gift speech. A named crown in that epic, not diadem as a headband alone and not throne as the seat alone.
from Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 1200 BCE (this recension)
appears in · sourced · documented
Crown is historically related to Olive.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, the monogram is enclosed in a wreath or crown of olive conveying glory, victory, and peace — the crown is formed of that olive.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Crown is historically related to Heaven.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a crown held out from heaven expresses the blessing and favour promised to the righteous — the crown comes from that heaven.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Sefirot represents Crown.
JE SEFIROT, THE TEN seats the first Sefirah as variously called the Crown (Keter) among the emanations by which God is said to manifest — Sefirot naming toward Crown, not a royal diadem dump alone.
from Isidore Singer et al. · The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901–1906
represents · sourced · documented
Laurel is associated with Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, the corruptible Crown of the heathen contests was a garland, probably of Laurel or Olive, set against the incorruptible Crown of glory — laurel forms that crown.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
associated with · sourced · documented
Mitre is historically related to Crown.
In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, a plate of gold or holy crown is tied with blue lace upon the front of the mitre — the mitre carries that crown.
from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Cross is historically related to Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a mosaic in S. Stefano shows a crown with a representation of the cross beneath it — crown and cross sit in the same mosaic composition.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Heart is historically related to Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a monogram is enclosed in a heart and surmounted by a crown at the centre of a five-wounds Passion mark — the heart sits under that crown.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Angel is historically related to Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a Fall scene changes the serpent into an angel with wings and a crown on his head tempting Eve — the angel wears that crown.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Circle is historically related to Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a 12th-century Bible page places the Spirit of Wisdom highest in a circle of gifts and marks her with a crown upon her head — the circle holds that crowned figure.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Serpent is historically related to Crown.
In Twining’s Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediæval Christian Art, a Ceadmon MS. figure changes the serpent into an angel with wings and a crown on his head persuading Eve — the serpent form wears that crown.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Anchor is historically related to Crown.
In Twining Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, the same plate 90 sets the anchor beside the heart and the crown among favourite early symbols.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
Lamp is historically related to Crown.
In Twining Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, plate 90 groups the lamp with the crown, banner, and circle among scattered catacomb emblems.
from Louisa Twining · Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art, 1852 (new ed. 1885)
historically related to · sourced · documented
sources
- Description of Greece · Pausanias
Pausanias, Description of Greece.
- The Lotus Sutra · Burton Watson (translation)
Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra.
- Histories · Herodotus
Herodotus, Histories.
- Aeneid · Virgil
Virgil, Aeneid.
- Florentine Codex · Bernardino de Sahagún and Nahua collaborators
Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain (Florentine Codex).
- The Mabinogion · Anonymous (Welsh prose); Sioned Davies (translation)
The Mabinogion, trans. Sioned Davies.
- Kojiki · Ō no Yasumaro (compiler); Donald L. Philippi (translation)
Donald L. Philippi, Kojiki.
- Epic of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh, Standard Babylonian version (flood tablet; underworld material).
- Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art · Louisa Twining
Louisa Twining, Symbols and Emblems of Early and Mediaeval Christian Art.
- The Jewish Encyclopedia · Isidore Singer et al.
Isidore Singer et al., The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906).
- A Biblical and Theological Dictionary · Richard Watson
Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary.