animal
Falcon
Falcon as an animal people have named and used. Boldness, Determination, Speed — one living kind, not a single symbol.
Egyptian religion
Falcon appears in Egyptian religion.
Herodotus’s Egyptian logos treats falcons among sacred birds. A named falcon in that traveler’s speech, not Horus as a deity flatten and not hawk as a synonym dump.
from Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE
appears in · sourced · documented
Falcon is sacred to Horus.
The Book of the Dead’s Horus image is falcon-formed — the falcon as sacred animal of Horus in funerary vignettes, not a hawk-Horus Plutarch restatement alone and not falcon appears_in egyptian already walked as this dedication edge.
from Raymond O. Faulkner (translation) · Book of the Dead, New Kingdom spells; Faulkner trans. 1972
sacred to · sourced · culturally specific
Vedic tradition
Falcon appears in Vedic tradition.
The Ṛgveda names the falcon/hawk (śyena) as the bird that brings soma, among other raptor speech. A named Vedic śyena in that corpus, not eagle as an imperial standard and not hawk as a second id for the same claim.
from Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation) · The Rigveda, 2014 (this translation); hymns much older
appears in · sourced · documented
Norse tradition
Falcon appears in Norse tradition.
Þrymskviða in the Poetic Edda seats falcon-shape / falcon-cloak speech in Freyja’s gear among the hammer-quest. A named falcon kind in that poem, not hawk as the Yggdrasil bird already walked and not eagle.
from Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation) · Poetic Edda, medieval Icelandic compilation; Larrington trans. 1996/2014
appears in · sourced · documented
sources
- Histories · Herodotus
Herodotus, Histories.
- The Rigveda · Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation)
Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton, The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India.
- Poetic Edda · Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation)
The Poetic Edda, trans. Carolyne Larrington.
- Book of the Dead · Raymond O. Faulkner (translation)
Raymond O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.