place
Sea
A named open salt water shorter than ocean-speech in many tongues. Not lake as inland fresh, and not the Mood-shelf Ocean quality id.
Roman religion
Sea appears in Roman religion.
Pliny’s Natural History seats the sea among Book 2–9 waters, shores, and marine marvels. A named sea in that encyclopedia, not ocean as a belief quality and not seawater as pharmacy liquor.
from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Norse tradition
Sea appears in Norse tradition.
Hymiskviða, Rígsþula neighbors, and sea-journey speech across the Poetic Edda name the salt water the gods and heroes cross. A named sea in that verse corpus, not the lots-shelf Ocean mood quality and not ocean as a separate mood id.
from Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation) · Poetic Edda, medieval Icelandic compilation; Larrington trans. 1996/2014
appears in · sourced · documented
Islam
Sea appears in Islam.
The Qur’an repeatedly names the sea (baḥr) among signs, provision, the drowned host of Pharaoh’s story, and two-seas barrier speech. Islamic sea speech in that revelation, not ocean as a separate expanse dump alone and not flood as Nūḥ’s event already walked.
from M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation) · The Qur’an, 2004 (this translation); Arabic text 7th century CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Egyptian religion
Sea is historically related to Typhon.
Plutarch’s On Isis and Osiris assigns the sea to Typhon’s portion — salt water as the adversary’s element against Nile and Osiris moisture in that essay’s elemental allegory. A named sea–Typhon figure under this source, not Oceanus identity and not a weather-report dump.
from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE
historically related to · sourced · culturally specific
Hellenic religion
Sea appears in Hellenic religion.
Pausanias names gulfs, harbors, and coastal sanctuaries along Greek shores—sea as travel edge and cult neighbor. A named sea in that periegesis, not Oceanus cosmogony alone and not every modern maritime dump.
from Pausanias · Description of Greece, c. 150–180 CE
appears in · sourced · documented
Vedic tradition
Sea appears in Vedic tradition.
The Ṛgveda names samudra — sea and gathered waters — in hymn landscape and cosmic speech. A named Vedic sea in that corpus, not the mood-shelf ocean quality alone and not a Mediterranean marina dump.
from Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation) · The Rigveda, 2014 (this translation); hymns much older
appears in · sourced · documented
sources
- Natural History · Pliny the Elder
Pliny, Naturalis Historia.
- Poetic Edda · Anonymous (Eddic poems); Carolyne Larrington (translation)
The Poetic Edda, trans. Carolyne Larrington.
- The Qur’an · M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (translation)
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur’an (Oxford).
- On Isis and Osiris · Plutarch
Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (Moralia).
- Description of Greece · Pausanias
Pausanias, Description of Greece.
- The Rigveda · Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (translation)
Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton, The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India.