Map

plant

Barley

Nature · Objects

A cereal grain of beer, bread, and offering. Mesopotamian rations and later farm tallies use the same plant for different economies.

  • Barley is used in Medicine.

    Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica lists barley (krithē) among drugs: ptisan, barley-water, and poultices. First-century pharmacological use of the grain, not a Vedic cake and not Demeter’s gift-talk.

    from Pedanius Dioscorides · De Materia Medica, 1st century CE

    used in · sourced · documented

  • Barley is historically related to Honey.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, barley-water with a little honey or jelly of currants mixed with it is a proper drink — barley is prepared with that honey.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Barley is historically related to Milk.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, rice and milk, or barley and milk, boiled with a little sugar, is very proper food on a milk-and-vegetable diet — barley is prepared with that milk.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Barley is historically related to Wine.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, a young child’s diet may be pearl-barley boiled with raisins, to which a little wine and spice are added — barley is boiled toward that wine.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Barley is historically related to Vinegar.

    In Culpeper’s English Physician, a poultice made of barley meal or flour is boiled in vinegar and honey — barley is boiled in that vinegar.

    from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Barley is historically related to Lemon.

    In Buchan Domestic Medicine, diluting liquors including barley-water may be sharpened with juice of orange or lemon, and a decoction of barley and liquorice sits among those cool acid drinks.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Beer is historically related to Barley.

    Pliny’s Natural History discusses barley drinks and fermented grain beers among provincial and farm speech. A named beer beside barley as staple malt grain, not wine as vine drink.

    from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Elder is associated with Barley.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, the patient is caused to drink plentifully of barley-water, elder-flower-tea, or any other soft pectoral infusions — elder sits with that barley drink.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    associated with · sourced · documented

  • Bread is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the Hebrews frequently used barley bread, as when Elijah received twenty barley loaves — bread is made from that barley.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Flour is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the jealousy-offering is of barley meal while the common mincha is of fine wheat flour — flour is graded against that barley meal.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Passover is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, after the Passover they gather the sheaf of the barley first fruits and present an offering of it before harvest begins — Passover opens that barley sheaf.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Offering is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the jealousy-offering is of barley meal while the common mincha is of fine wheat flour — the offering is made of that barley meal.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Rice is historically related to Barley.

    In Beeton’s Book of Household Management, to thicken soups and gravies, flour and butter, barley, rice, or oatmeal in a little water rubbed well together are used — rice sits with that barley thickener.

    from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

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  • Butter is historically related to Barley.

    In Beeton’s Book of Household Management, to thicken soups and gravies, flour and butter, barley, rice, or oatmeal in a little water rubbed well together are used — butter is rubbed with that barley.

    from Isabella Beeton · Book of Household Management, 1861

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Frankincense is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the jealousy barley offering admits no oil or frankincense with the meaner grain — frankincense is withheld from that barley meal.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Fennel is historically related to Barley.

    In Culpeper’s English Physician, fennel leaves or seed are boiled in barley water and drunk to increase a nurse’s milk.

    from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Wheat is historically related to Barley.

    In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, Kastner’s malt wine crushes eighty pounds of pale barley malt with forty pounds of pale wheat malt before the mash.

    from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Flax is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, the Egyptian hail of Exodus bruises flax at full growth together with barley forming its green ears, while wheat still in the blade escapes.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Oats is historically related to Barley.

    In Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, diastase forms during malting in the grains of barley, oats, and wheat, then separated by moistening malt flour in cold water.

    from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Rye is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, rye and oats do not grow in the warmer climates, their place being in a manner supplied by barley mixed with broken straw as fodder.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Hyssop is historically related to Barley.

    In Culpeper’s English Physician, a pectoral decoction boils French barley with maiden-hair, hyssop, scabious, and colt’s-foot till two parts remain.

    from Nicholas Culpeper · The English Physician, 1652 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Cream of tartar is historically related to Barley.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, when whey cannot be had, barley-water sharpened with cream of tartar is drank in its place as a cooling drink.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Silver is historically related to Barley.

    In Watson’s Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Hosea buys his emblematic bride for fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a half of barley.

    from Richard Watson · A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, 1831–32 (Gutenberg #53884)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

  • Starch is historically related to Barley.

    In Buchan’s Domestic Medicine, an astringent course gives a starch clyster with liquid laudanum twice a day while gum arabic and gum tragacanth dissolve in barley-water for hourly spoonfuls.

    from William Buchan · Domestic Medicine, 1791 (12th ed.; Gutenberg #74359)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

Vedic tradition

Hellenic religion

  • Barley is sacred to Demeter.

    The Homeric Hymn to Demeter has the goddess mix a kykeon of barley and pennyroyal, and withholds the grain of the earth until her child is returned. A named Hellenic grain of that goddess, not Ṛgvedic yava, and not Dioscorides’ ptisan.

    from Anonymous (Homeric hymn) · Homeric Hymn to Demeter, c. 7th–6th century BCE

    sacred to · sourced · documented

  • Barley appears in Hellenic religion.

    Ovid’s Metamorphoses seats barley among Demeter/Ceres grain speech in the Proserpina cycle’s agricultural signs. A named barley in that poem, not hymn sacred_to Demeter alone and not wheat as the same edge.

    from Ovid · Metamorphoses, 8 CE

    appears in · sourced · documented

Roman religion

  • Barley appears in Roman religion.

    Pliny’s Natural History seats barley among cereals of bread, fodder, and Italian farming speech. A named barley in that encyclopedia, not the Dioscorides/Rigveda/Demeter barley walks already stored and not wheat as the sister grain already walked here.

    from Pliny the Elder · Natural History, c. 77 CE

    appears in · sourced · documented

Egyptian religion

  • Barley appears in Egyptian religion.

    Herodotus’s Egyptian logos names barley among the staple grains of Nile bread and drink. A named barley in that traveler’s Egypt, not wheat as the companion grain and not a bushel measure alone.

    from Herodotus · Histories, c. 440s BCE

    appears in · sourced · documented

  • Barley is sacred to Osiris.

    Plutarch’s On Isis and Osiris seats barley with Osiris’s vegetative cycle — grain that dies and rises in Egyptian Osiris speech as that Greek treatise tells it. A named barley–Osiris cult link under this source, not wheat as the same edge.

    from Plutarch · On Isis and Osiris, c. 100 CE

    sacred to · sourced · culturally specific

Norse tradition

European folklore

  • Wort is historically related to Barley.

    Ure’s Dictionary seats WORT as the fermentable infusion of malt or grains, pointing to BEER for the brew. A named wort in that malt-infusion speech, not yeast alone, and not vinegar wash dump.

    from Andrew Ure · Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, 1839 (and later PD editions)

    historically related to · sourced · documented

sources